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Luke 2

The Savior Born, Revealed, Presented, and Growing in Wisdom

The child born in humility is God's promised Savior, Messiah, Lord, light, glory, and Son, recognized by heaven and faithful Israel and growing in wisdom under the Father's purpose.

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Chapter Summary

The child born in humility is God's promised Savior, Messiah, Lord, light, glory, and Son, recognized by heaven and faithful Israel and growing in wisdom under the Father's purpose.

Overview

Luke 2 argues that the arrival of Jesus is simultaneously humble and glorious, local and universal, Jewish and world-embracing, fully human and uniquely divine. The chapter shows God governing empire, fulfilling Davidic expectation, placing the Son under the Law, revealing Him to the lowly and faithful, and preparing readers to see that this child belongs uniquely to the Father and will bring salvation that exposes every heart.

Context

Author

Luke continues His orderly Gospel account by locating the birth of Jesus within recognizable historical, political, Jewish, and household settings.

Audience

Theophilus and later Christian readers who need confidence that Jesus' birth, identity, and mission are grounded in God's fulfilled promise and public witness.

Setting

The chapter moves from imperial decree to Bethlehem, from fields outside Bethlehem to the manger, from the Jerusalem temple to Nazareth, and finally back to Jerusalem when Jesus is twelve.

The Biblical World

Persons 3,132 Places 886 People Groups 22 Periods 10

Chapter At A Glance

Chapter Movement

Luke moves from imperial decree to humble birth, from angelic announcement to shepherd witness, from temple obedience to prophetic recognition, and from childhood submission to the first glimpse of Jesus' unique Sonship.

Covenant Significance

Luke 2 shows the promised Savior born in David's city, circumcised under the Abrahamic sign, presented under Mosaic law, recognized by faithful Israel, and revealed as light for the Gentiles and glory for Israel. The chapter advances the Abrahamic, Mosaic, Davidic, and prophetic streams toward fulfillment in Christ.

Gospel Clarity

Luke 2 announces that the gospel is good news of great joy because the Savior, Messiah, and Lord has been born. This salvation is God's prepared salvation, light for Gentiles, glory for Israel, redemption for those waiting, peace for those under God's favor, and a heart-revealing work centered on Jesus.

Formation Aim

Joyful, obedient, watchful, pondering, witness-bearing faith that sees God's salvation in Christ and submits to the Father's purpose.

Focus Points

Divine providence over political history
The humility of the incarnation
Jesus as Savior, Messiah, and Lord
Good news of great joy
Peace grounded in God's favor
Faithful Israel awaiting consolation and redemption
Jesus under the Law
Universal horizon of salvation for Gentiles and Israel
Christ as a sign that reveals hearts
True humanity and growth of Jesus
Jesus' unique Sonship and relation to the Father
Providence
Humility and glory
Witness
Joy
Salvation
Consolation and redemption
Universal mission
Obedience under the Law
Heart revelation
Sonship
Incarnation
Christology
Soteriology
Covenant fulfillment
Humanity of Christ
Revelation and judgment
Family and obedience

Explore Further

Doctrine: Messianic Kingship Doctrine: Covenant Faithfulness Doctrine: Divine Holiness Doctrine: Obedience Doctrine: Wisdom Motif: Resurrection Motif: Spirit Motif: Judgment Motif: Temple Motif: Servant Thread: Messianic Fulfillment Thread: Royal Sonship

Cross References

Micah 5:2

But You, Bethlehem Ephrathah, being small among the clans of Judah, out of You one will come out to me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings out are from of old, from ancient times.

Messianic birthplace background

2 Samuel 7:12-16

When Your days are fulfilled, and You sleep with Your fathers, I will set up Your offspring after You, who will proceed out of Your body, and I will establish His kingdom. He will build a house for my name, and I will establish the throne of His kingdom forever. I will be His father, and He will be my son. If He commits iniquity, I will chasten Him with the...

Davidic covenant foundation

Genesis 17:12

He who is eight days old will be circumcised among You, every male throughout Your generations, He who is born in the house, or bought with money from any foreigner who is not of Your offspring.

Covenant sign

Leviticus 12:6-8

“ ‘When the days of her purification are completed for a son or for a daughter, she shall bring to the priest at the door of the Tent of Meeting, a year old lamb for a burnt offering, and a young pigeon or a turtledove, for a sin offering. He shall offer it before Yahweh, and make atonement for her; then she shall be cleansed from the fountain of her blood....

Purification offering background

Exodus 13:1-2

Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying, “Sanctify to me all the firstborn, whatever opens the womb among the children of Israel, both of man and of animal. It is mine.”

Firstborn consecration

Isaiah 9:2-7

The people who walked in darkness have seen a great light. The light has shined on those who lived in the land of the shadow of death. You have multiplied the nation. You have increased their joy. They rejoice before You according to the joy in harvest, as men rejoice when they divide the plunder. For the yoke of His burden, and the staff of His shoulder,...

Light, joy, peace, and Davidic rule

Isaiah 40:1-11

“Comfort, comfort my people,” says Your God. “Speak comfortably to Jerusalem; and call out to her that her warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity is pardoned, that she has received of Yahweh’s hand double for all her sins.” The voice of one who calls out, “Prepare the way of Yahweh in the wilderness! Make a level highway in the desert for our God.

Consolation of Israel

Isaiah 42:6

“I, Yahweh, have called You in righteousness. I will hold Your hand. I will keep You, and make You a covenant for the people, as a light for the nations,

Light to Gentiles

Isaiah 49:6

Indeed, He says, “It is too light a thing that You should be my servant to raise up the tribes of Jacob, and to restore the preserved of Israel. I will also give You as a light to the nations, that You may be my salvation to the end of the earth.”

Salvation to the nations

Malachi 3:1

“Behold, I send my messenger, and He will prepare the way before me; and the Lord, whom You seek, will suddenly come to His temple; and the messenger of the covenant, whom You desire, behold, He comes!” says Yahweh of Armies.

Temple expectation

Matthew 2:1-12

Now when Jesus was born in Bethlehem of Judea in the days of King Herod, behold, wise men from the east came to Jerusalem, saying, “Where is He who is born King of the Jews? For we saw His star in the east, and have come to worship Him.” When King Herod heard it, He was troubled, and all Jerusalem with Him.

Infancy counterpart

John 1:9-14

The true light that enlightens everyone was coming into the world. He was in the world, and the world was made through Him, and the world didn’t recognize Him. He came to His own, and those who were His own didn’t receive Him.

Incarnation and light

Galatians 4:4-5

But when the fullness of the time came, God sent out His Son, born to a woman, born under the law, that He might redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of children.

Born under the Law

Hebrews 2:14-18

Since then the children have shared in flesh and blood, He also Himself in the same way partook of the same, that through death He might bring to nothing Him who had the power of death, that is, the devil, and might deliver all of them who through fear of death were all their lifetime subject to bondage. For most certainly, He doesn’t give help to angels,...

True humanity

Passages

Chapter opening: Luke 2:1-20

Opening Unit: Luke 2:1-20 Luke 2:21-40 Luke 2:41-52

v.1	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.3	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.4	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.6	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.7	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.διότιbecausecausal grounds (strong)διότι fronts a strong 'because' — the explanation that follows is weighty and foundational.
v.8	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.9	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.10	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.γὰρforgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.
v.11	ὅτιForcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.12	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.13	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.15	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.16	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.17	δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.18	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.19	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.20	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.καθὼςeven ascomparative / scriptural groundingWhen Paul writes καθώς γέγραπται ('just as it is written'), he is providing scriptural warrant for everything preceding it.
v.21	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.22	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.23	καθὼςeven ascomparative / scriptural groundingWhen Paul writes καθώς γέγραπται ('just as it is written'), he is providing scriptural warrant for everything preceding it.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.24	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.25	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.26	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.27	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.28	καὶthenadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.30	ὅτιforcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.33	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.34	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.35	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.δὲalsocontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.36	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.37	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.38	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.39	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.40	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.41	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.42	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.43	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.44	δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.45	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.46	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.47	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.48	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.49	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ὅτιforcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.50	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.51	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.52	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.

v.1	Ἐγένετοgínomaihappenedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐξῆλθενexérchomaiwent outaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀπογράφεσθαιregisteredpresent middle infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.2	ἡγεμονεύοντοςhēgemoneúōwas governorpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.3	ἐπορεύοντοporeúomaiwentimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἀπογράφεσθαιregisteredpresent middle infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.4	Ἀνέβηwent upaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.5	ἀπογράψασθαιregisteredaorist middle infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἐμνηστευμένῃmnēsteúōengagedperfect passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.6	ἐγένετοgínomaihappenedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐπλήσθησανplḗthōcameaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionτεκεῖνtíktōgive birthaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.7	ἔτεκενtíktōgave birthaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐσπαργάνωσενsparganóōwrapped ~ inclothsaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀνέκλινενlaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.8	ἀγραυλοῦντεςliving out in the fieldspresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionφυλάσσοντεςphylássōkeepingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.9	ἐπέστηephístēmistoodaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπεριέλαμψενperilámpōshone aroundaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐφοβήθησανphobéōfrightenedaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.10	εἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionφοβεῖσθεphobéōafraidpresent middle imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationεὐαγγελίζομαιeuangelízōbring ~ goodnewspresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.11	ἐτέχθηtíktōbornaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.12	εὑρήσετεheurískōfindfuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionἐσπαργανωμένονsparganóōwrapped in clothsperfect passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionκείμενονkeîmailyingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.13	ἐγένετοgínomaiwasaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionαἰνούντωνpraisingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλεγόντωνlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.15	ἐγένετοgínomaihappenedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀπῆλθονgone awayaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐλάλουνlaléōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionΔιέλθωμενdiérchomaigoaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentἴδωμενhoráōseeaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentγεγονὸςgínomaihappenedperfect active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐγνώρισενgnōrízōmade knownaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.16	ἦλθανérchomaiwentaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionσπεύσαντεςspeúdōwith hasteaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀνεῦρανfoundaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionκείμενονkeîmailyingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.17	ἰδόντεςhoráōsawaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐγνώρισανdiagnōrízōmade knownaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλαληθέντοςlaléōtoldaorist passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.18	ἀκούσαντεςheardaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐθαύμασανthaumázōamazedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλαληθέντωνlaléōtoldaorist passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.19	συνετήρειsyntēréōtreasured upimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionσυμβάλλουσαsymbállōponderingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.20	ὑπέστρεψανhypostréphōreturnedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐλαλήθηlaléōtoldaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.21	ἐπλήσθησανplḗthōcompletedaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπεριτεμεῖνperitémnōcircumcisionaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbκληθὲνkaléōname givenaorist passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionσυλλημφθῆναιsyllambánōconceivedaorist passive infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.22	ἐπλήσθησανplḗthōcompletedaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀνήγαγονbrought ~ upaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπαραστῆσαιparístēmipresentaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.23	γέγραπταιgráphōwrittenperfect passive indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present resultδιανοῖγονdianoígōopenspresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.24	δοῦναιdídōmiofferaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbεἰρημένονeréōsaidperfect passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.25	προσδεχόμενοςprosdéchomaiwaiting forpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.26	ἰδεῖνhoráōseeaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἴδῃhoráōseenaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.27	ἦλθενérchomaicameaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἰσαγαγεῖνeiságōbrought inaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbποιῆσαιpoiéōdoaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbεἰθισμένονethízōcustomperfect passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.28	ἐδέξατοdéchomaitookaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεὐλόγησενeulogéōpraisedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.29	ἀπολύειςdismisspresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.30	εἶδονhoráōseenaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.31	ἡτοίμασαςhetoimázōpreparedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.33	λαλουμένοιςlaléōsaidpresent passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.34	εὐλόγησενeulogéōblessedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionκεῖταιkeîmaidestinedpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἀντιλεγόμενονopposedpresent passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.35	διελεύσεταιdiérchomaipiercefuture middle indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionἀποκαλυφθῶσινrevealedaorist passive subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.36	ἦνēnwasimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπροβεβηκυῖαprobaínōadvancedperfect active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionζήσασαzáōlivedaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.37	ἀφίστατοdepartimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionλατρεύουσαlatreúōservingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.38	ἐπιστᾶσαephístēmicame upaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀνθωμολογεῖτοgave thanksimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἐλάλειlaléōspeakimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπροσδεχομένοιςprosdéchomailooking forward topresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.39	ἐτέλεσανteléōperformedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐπέστρεψανepistréphōreturnedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.40	ηὔξανενgrewimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἐκραταιοῦτοkrataióōstrongimperfect passive indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπληρούμενονplēróōfilledpresent passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.41	ἐπορεύοντοporeúomaiwentimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.42	ἀναβαινόντωνwent uppresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.43	τελειωσάντωνteleióōoveraorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionὑποστρέφεινhypostréphōreturningpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbὑπέμεινενhypoménōstayed behindaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἔγνωσανginṓskōknowaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.44	νομίσαντεςnomízōassumingaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἦλθονérchomaiwentaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀνεζήτουνlooking forimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.45	εὑρόντεςheurískōfindaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionὑπέστρεψανhypostréphōreturnedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀναζητοῦντεςsearch forpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.46	ἐγένετοgínomaihappenedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεὗρονheurískōfoundaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionκαθεζόμενονkathézomaisittingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀκούονταlistening topresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐπερωτῶνταeperōtáōasking ~ questionspresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.47	ἐξίσταντοexístēmiamazedimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἀκούοντεςheardpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.48	ἰδόντεςhoráōsawaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐξεπλάγησανekplḗssōastonishedaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐποίησαςpoiéōtreatedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionὀδυνώμενοιodynáōanxiouslypresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐζητοῦμένzētéōsearching forimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.49	εἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐζητεῖτέzētéōsearching forimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionᾔδειτεeídōknowpluperfect active indicativeresultantPluperfect — action completed before another past actionδεῖdéōmustpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.50	συνῆκανsyníēmiunderstandaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐλάλησενlaléōspokeaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.51	κατέβηkatabaínōwent downaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἦλθενérchomaicameaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionδιετήρειdiatēréōtreasuredimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.52	προέκοπτενprokóptōincreasedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action

The Biblical World

Chapter At A Glance

Focus Points

Cross References

Passages

Book Arc