What does προκόπτω (prokóptō) mean in the Bible?
G4298 is a verb for advancing, progressing, moving forward, or proceeding further. Its six governed forms do not make advancement automatically good.
To advance
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G4298 is a verb for advancing, progressing, moving forward, or proceeding further. Its six governed forms do not make advancement automatically good.
Reader summary
Full entry for προκόπτω (G4298) · Open the biblical lexicon
G4298 is a verb for advancing, progressing, moving forward, or proceeding further. Its six governed forms do not make advancement automatically good.
The BSB source-word alignment has 6 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include go [from bad] (1), grew (1), I was advancing (1), is nearly over (1), they will not advance (1).
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Luke 2:52. Its strongest book concentrations include 2 Timothy (3), Galatians (1), Luke (1), Romans (1).
G4298 is a verb for advancing, progressing, moving forward, or proceeding further. Its six governed forms do not make advancement automatically good. Luke describes Jesus advancing in wisdom, stature, and favor. Paul describes his former advance in Judaism, the night advancing toward day, irreverent talk advancing into greater ungodliness, false teachers not advancing further, and evil people advancing from bad to worse. Direction and outcome determine whether progress is faithful, temporal, limited, or destructive.
Luke 2:52 speaks of Jesus' real human development after the temple scene. It should be held with the Gospel's wider witness rather than used to deny his identity or to create a developmental timetable for every child. Galatians 1:14 locates Paul's former advance within his own Jewish life and zeal for ancestral traditions. Paul does not turn Judaism or Jewish people into a synonym for evil; his argument contrasts his former course with God's gracious call and the gospel he received.
Second Timothy shows that activity, influence, and movement can deepen ungodliness rather than signal health. Ministry growth, platform reach, revenue, attendance, speed, academic ranking, and productivity are therefore not self-authenticating. The word also must not rank people whose age, disability, illness, caregiving load, trauma, poverty, or limited opportunity changes the pace or visibility of development. Faithful progress is assessed by truth, love, holiness, endurance, teachability, and the passage's stated goal, not by comparison or relentless output.
Six governed forms describe Jesus' development, Paul's former religious advancement, the night nearing its end, harmful teaching spreading, false teachers reaching a limit, and evil people worsening.
Jesus grew in wisdom and stature
Luke presents genuine human development in a balanced set of wisdom, bodily life, and favor.
The night is nearly over
The advancing night calls for wakeful conduct because the day is near.
Will only lead to more ungodliness
Harmful speech can move a community forward in the wrong direction.
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders ItA compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
Greek word. Progress toward maturity or spiritual development, often describing advancement in knowledge, character, or wickedness.
Progress toward maturity or spiritual development, often describing advancement in knowledge, character, or wickedness.
[in Sm.: Psa.45:5 * ;] to cut forward a way, forward, advance, in cl. trans. with neut. adj., as οὐδὲν π., τὰ πολλὰ π. In late writers (Polyb., al.), wholly intrans., to advance, progress: of time, Rom.13:12. Metaphorical, Luk.2:52, Gal.1:14, 2Ti.2:16 3:9 3:13.
Textus Receptus witness, full corpus Greek token appearances from Scrivener 1894 Textus Receptus in the full New Testament corpus.
6 Greek text appearances shown. Linked morphology labels have verse guides.
I advance, make progress
Read verseI advance, make progress
Read verseI advance, make progress
Read verseI advance, make progress
Read verseI advance, make progress
Read verseI advance, make progress
Read verseFull New Testament corpus: 260 chapters, 7,957 verses, 140,628 tokens. Data source: honza/textus-receptus (data only), with authority check against byztxt/greektext-textus-receptus.
How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Verse guides are not available for this word yet, so verse references remain plain evidence markers.
How this verb appears across 6 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).
Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.
Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)
Selected passage-level study witnesses for this word. This section is not the full occurrence list.
Showing 1 selected witness from 6 lexical occurrence verses.
προκόπτω is built from these roots:
Affirms genuine human growth. Luke 2:41–52
G4298 makes direction essential to any claim of progress. Jesus advances in wisdom, stature, and favor. The night advances toward the approaching day. Paul describes a former religious trajectory that grace interrupted. Empty talk can advance into greater ungodliness, deceptive teachers can reach a visible limit, and evil people can move from bad to worse. A church, leader, student, or child can therefore be moving rapidly without moving faithfully, while quiet or slow growth may be real.
Scripture asks about truth, destination, means, and fruit. It does not authorize anti-Jewish readings of Paul's past, productivity-based dignity, developmental shame, or the use of attendance, money, reach, credentials, and speed as automatic proof of God's approval.
Luke.2.52
Four morphology labels account for the six forms. Three future active indicatives occur in 2 Timothy, two imperfect active indicatives describe Jesus' and Paul's ongoing advancement, and one aorist active indicative describes the night as far advanced. Tense and aspect present the movement, while subject, direction, limit, and result determine its value.
Wisdom literature commends growth in wisdom and instruction while warning that fools can persist along destructive paths. Prophetic images of watchmen and approaching dawn help frame Romans 13. These connections support discernment of direction without turning prosperity, strength, or visible success into a universal measure of divine favor.
MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain
Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0
Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0
Berean Standard Bible (BSB) source-word alignment - CC0 Public Domain