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Mark 14

The Son of Man Handed Over: Anointing, Supper, Gethsemane, Betrayal, Trial, and Denial

Jesus willingly enters betrayal, abandonment, anguish, false trial, and condemnation as the Scripture-fulfilling Son of Man whose body and blood establish the covenant for many, while human hearts are exposed through devotion, treachery, weakness, denial, and unbelief.

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Chapter Summary

Overview

Mark 14 argues that the passion of Jesus is not a tragic accident but the fulfillment of Scripture and the voluntary obedience of the Son. The leaders plot, Judas betrays, the disciples scatter, Peter denies, and false witnesses accuse, yet Jesus is never out of control. He interprets His own death at the Passover table as covenant blood poured out for many.

In Gethsemane He embraces the Father's will. Before the council He confesses His messianic and Danielic identity. The chapter exposes the collapse of human loyalty and the steadfast obedience of Christ.

Context

Author

Traditionally associated with John Mark, presenting Jesus with urgency, dramatic contrast, eyewitness vividness, and a sustained focus on the suffering Son of God.

Audience

Likely mixed early Christian readers who needed to understand the betrayal, abandonment, suffering, and trial of Jesus not as accidental collapse but as the fulfillment of Scripture and the ordained path of the Son of Man.

Setting

Mark 14 takes place during the final Passover week in and around Jerusalem. The chapter moves from the leaders' plot, to Bethany, to preparation for the Passover meal, to the upper room, to the Mount of Olives and Gethsemane, to Jesus' arrest, to the high priest's courtyard, and finally to Peter's denial.

The Biblical World

Persons 3,132 Places 886 People Groups 22 Periods 10

Chapter At A Glance

Chapter Movement

Mark 14 moves from conspiracy to devotion, from betrayal to covenant meal, from confident disciples to sleeping and scattered disciples, from anguished prayer to willing surrender, from false testimony to true confession before the council, and from Peter's bold promise to bitter denial.

Covenant Significance

Mark 14 places Jesus' death within Passover and covenant fulfillment. The Passover meal, the bread, and the cup are reinterpreted around Jesus' body and blood. His blood is covenant blood poured out for many, echoing Sinai covenant blood, sacrificial atonement, and servant suffering. The shepherd is struck and the sheep scattered, yet resurrection and restoration are promised. Jesus becomes the faithful covenant representative where the disciples fail.

Gospel Clarity

Mark 14 clarifies the gospel by showing Jesus interpreting His own death before He dies. His body is given, His blood is covenant blood poured out for many, and His path unfolds as Scripture said. The gospel is not merely that Jesus suffered, but that He willingly entered betrayal, abandonment, judgment, and death as the faithful Son and covenant sacrifice. The same Jesus who predicts scattering also promises resurrection and reunion.

Formation Aim

Costly devotion, covenant gratitude, prayerful vigilance, honest anguish before God, surrender to the Father's will, courage under pressure, repentance after failure, and renewed trust in Jesus' faithful word.

Focus Points

Passover
Plot against Jesus
Costly devotion
Anointing for burial
Gospel memorial
Judas's betrayal
Passover preparation
Table fellowship
Betrayal by one of the Twelve
Son of Man as written
Woe to the betrayer
Bread as body
Cup as covenant blood
Blood poured out for many
Kingdom banquet hope
Shepherd struck
Sheep scattered
Resurrection and Galilee promise
Peter's overconfidence
Gethsemane agony
Abba Father
The cup
Submission to the Father's will
Watch and pray
Spirit willing, flesh weak
Scripture fulfilled
Disciples deserting Jesus
False witnesses
Temple accusation
Jesus' silence
Messiah
Son of the Blessed One
Son of Man at the right hand
Blasphemy charge
Mockery and violence
Peter's denial
Repentant grief
The Sovereignty of Jesus in the Passion
Costly Worship
Burial Before Death
Betrayal
New Covenant
Substitutionary Giving
Human Weakness
Obedient Sonship
The Cup of Judgment
Messianic Identity
Son of Man Exaltation
False Judgment
Denial and Grief
Atonement
Lord's Supper
Christology
Obedience of Christ
Scripture Fulfillment
Human Depravity
Prayer
Perseverance and Weakness
Repentance
Kingdom Hope
Resurrection

Explore Further

Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty Doctrine: Human Sinfulness Doctrine: Moral Accountability Doctrine: Atonement Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ Doctrine: Worship Doctrine: Deity of Christ Doctrine: Messianic Kingship Doctrine: Human Rebellion Doctrine: Divine Omniscience Doctrine: Repentance Motif: Judgment

Cross References

Matthew 26:1-75

When Jesus had finished all these words, He said to His disciples, “You know that after two days the Passover is coming, and the Son of Man will be delivered up to be crucified.” Then the chief priests, the scribes, and the elders of the people were gathered together in the court of the high priest, who was called Caiaphas.

Parallel passion chapter

Luke 22:1-71

Now the feast of unleavened bread, which is called the Passover, was approaching. The chief priests and the scribes sought how they might put Him to death, for they feared the people. Satan entered into Judas, who was also called Iscariot, who was counted with the twelve.

Parallel passion material

John 12:1-8

Then six days before the Passover, Jesus came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, who had been dead, whom He raised from the dead. So they made Him a supper there. Martha served, but Lazarus was one of those who sat at the table with Him. Therefore Mary took a pound of ointment of pure nard, very precious, and anointed Jesus’s feet and wiped His feet with her...

Anointing parallel

John 13:1-38

Now before the feast of the Passover, Jesus, knowing that His time had come that He would depart from this world to the Father, having loved His own who were in the world, He loved them to the end. During supper, the devil having already put into the heart of Judas Iscariot, Simon’s son, to betray Him, Jesus, knowing that the Father had given all things...

Last supper and betrayal-denial context

1 Corinthians 11:23-26

For I received from the Lord that which also I delivered to You, that the Lord Jesus on the night in which He was betrayed took bread. When He had given thanks, He broke it and said, “Take, eat. This is my body, which is broken for You. Do this in memory of me.” In the same way He also took the cup, after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in my...

Apostolic Lord's Supper tradition

Hebrews 9:11-28

But Christ having come as a high priest of the coming good things, through the greater and more perfect tabernacle, not made with hands, that is to say, not of this creation, nor yet through the blood of goats and calves, but through His own blood, entered in once for all into the Holy Place, having obtained eternal redemption. For if the blood of goats and...

Covenant blood and sacrifice

Mark 10:45

For the Son of Man also came not to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.”

Ransom theology foundation

Mark 13:26

Then they will see the Son of Man coming in clouds with great power and glory.

Son of Man coming

Mark 15:33-39

When the sixth hour had come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. At the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, “Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani?” which is, being interpreted, “My God, my God, why have You forsaken me?” Some of those who stood by, when they heard it, said, “Behold, He is calling Elijah.”

Crucifixion fulfillment

Mark 16:7

But go, tell His disciples and Peter, ‘He goes before You into Galilee. There You will see Him, as He said to You.’ ”

Galilee promise fulfilled in announcement

Passages

Chapter opening: Mark 14:1-2

Opening Unit: Mark 14:1-2 Mark 14:3-9 Mark 14:10-11 Mark 14:12-16 Mark 14:17-25 Mark 14:26-31 Mark 14:32-42 Mark 14:43-52 Mark 14:53-65 Mark 14:66-72

v.1	δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.2	γάρ·for;grounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.
v.3	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.4	δέnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.5	γὰρforgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.
v.6	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.7	γὰρforgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.δὲhowevercontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.9	δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.ἐὰνmaybeconditional (subjunctive / open)ἐάν + subjunctive signals an open condition: 'if (as may be the case)...'
v.10	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.11	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.12	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.13	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.14	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ἐὰνmaybeconditional (subjunctive / open)ἐάν + subjunctive signals an open condition: 'if (as may be the case)...'ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.15	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.16	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.καθὼςeven ascomparative / scriptural groundingWhen Paul writes καθώς γέγραπται ('just as it is written'), he is providing scriptural warrant for everything preceding it.
v.17	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.18	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.19	δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.20	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.21	ὅτιForcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.μὲνindeedcontrast setup (μέν...δέ)The μέν...δέ pair is a rhetorical hinge. Both sides matter equally.καθὼςeven ascomparative / scriptural groundingWhen Paul writes καθώς γέγραπται ('just as it is written'), he is providing scriptural warrant for everything preceding it.δὲhowevercontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.εἰifconditional clauseAsk whether Paul treats the 'if' as assumed true (1st class) or merely hypothetical.
v.22	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.23	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.24	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.25	ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.26	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.27	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.ὅτιforcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.28	ἀλλὰButstrong contrast / correctionAsk: what is being set aside? What is being asserted instead?
v.29	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.εἰIfconditional clauseAsk whether Paul treats the 'if' as assumed true (1st class) or merely hypothetical.ἀλλ᾽yetstrong contrast / correctionAsk: what is being set aside? What is being asserted instead?
v.30	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.31	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.ἐὰνIfconditional (subjunctive / open)ἐάν + subjunctive signals an open condition: 'if (as may be the case)...'δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.32	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.33	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.34	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.35	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'εἰifconditional clauseAsk whether Paul treats the 'if' as assumed true (1st class) or merely hypothetical.
v.36	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ἀλλ᾽butstrong contrast / correctionAsk: what is being set aside? What is being asserted instead?ἀλλὰbutstrong contrast / correctionAsk: what is being set aside? What is being asserted instead?
v.37	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.38	ἵναso thatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'μὲνindeedcontrast setup (μέν...δέ)The μέν...δέ pair is a rhetorical hinge. Both sides matter equally.δὲhowevercontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.39	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.40	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.γὰρforgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.
v.41	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.43	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.44	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.45	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.46	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.47	δέthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.48	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.49	ἀλλ᾽But [it is]strong contrast / correctionAsk: what is being set aside? What is being asserted instead?ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.50	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.51	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.52	δὲandcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.53	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.54	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.55	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.56	γὰρforgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.
v.57	ΚαίAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.58	ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.59	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.οὐδὲnotnegative additiveοὐδέ in a list builds rhetorical force — each addition strengthens the overall negation.
v.60	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.61	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.62	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.63	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.64	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.65	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.66	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.67	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.68	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.69	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.70	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.γὰρforgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.
v.71	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.72	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.

v.1	ἐζήτουνzētéōseekingimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionκρατήσαντεςkratéōarrestaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀποκτείνωσινkillaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.2	ἔλεγονlégōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἔσταιésomaibefuture middle indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised action
v.3	κατακειμένουkatákeimaisat at the tablepresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἦλθενérchomaicameaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἔχουσαéchōwithpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionσυντρίψασαsyntríbōbrokeaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionκατέχεενkatachéōpoured ~ onaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.4	γέγονενgínomaiwasperfect active indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present result
v.5	ἠδύνατοdýnamaicouldimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπραθῆναιpipráskōsoldaorist passive infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbδοθῆναιdídōmigivenaorist passive infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἐνεβριμῶντοembrimáomaiscoldimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.6	εἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἌφετεleave ~ aloneaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationπαρέχετεparéchōcausepresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἠργάσατοergázomaidoneaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.7	ἔχετεéchōhavepresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthθέλητεthélōwantpresent active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentδύνασθεdýnamaicanpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthποιῆσαιpoiéōdoaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἔχετεéchōhavepresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.8	ἔσχενéchōcouldaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐποίησενpoiéōdoneaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπροέλαβενprolambánōbeforehandaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionμυρίσαιmyrízōanointedaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.9	λέγωlégōsaypresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκηρυχθῇkērýssōproclaimedaorist passive subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentἐποίησενpoiéōdoneaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλαληθήσεταιlaléōtoldfuture passive indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised action
v.10	ἀπῆλθενwentaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπαραδοῖparadídōmibetrayaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.11	ἀκούσαντεςheardaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐχάρησανchaírōgladaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐπηγγείλαντοepangéllōpromisedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionδοῦναιdídōmigiveaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἐζήτειzētéōseekingimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπαραδοῖparadídōmibetrayaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.12	ἔθυονthýōsacrificedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionλέγουσινlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthθέλειςthélōwantpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἀπελθόντεςgoaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἑτοιμάσωμενhetoimázōprepareaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentφάγῃςphágōeataorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.13	ἀποστέλλειsentpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthὙπάγετεhypágōgopresent active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationἀπαντήσειmeetfuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionβαστάζωνcarryingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀκολουθήσατεfollowaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.14	εἰσέλθῃeisérchomaientersaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentεἴπατεépōsayaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationλέγειlégōsayspresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthφάγωphágōeataorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.15	δείξειdeiknýōshowfuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionἐστρωμένονstrṓnnymifurnishedperfect passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἑτοιμάσατεhetoimázōprepareaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.16	ἐξῆλθονexérchomaiwent outaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἦλθονérchomaicameaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεὗρονheurískōfoundaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἶπενépōtoldaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἡτοίμασανhetoimázōpreparedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.17	γενομένηςgínomaiwasaorist middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔρχεταιérchomaicamepresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.18	εἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλέγωlégōsaypresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthπαραδώσειparadídōmibetrayfuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionἐσθίωνesthíōeatingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.19	ἤρξαντοbeganaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλυπεῖσθαιlypéōdistressedpresent passive infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbλέγεινlégōsaypresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.20	εἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐμβαπτόμενοςembáptōdippingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.21	ὑπάγειhypágōgoespresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthγέγραπταιgráphōwrittenperfect passive indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present resultπαραδίδοταιparadídōmibetrayedpresent passive indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἐγεννήθηgennáōbornaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.22	ἐσθιόντωνesthíōeatingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλαβὼνlambánōtookaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionεὐλογήσαςeulogéōblessingaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔκλασενkláōbrokeaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἔδωκενdídōmigaveaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionΛάβετεlambánōtakeaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.23	λαβὼνlambánōtookaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionεὐχαριστήσαςeucharistéōgiving thanksaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔδωκενdídōmigaveaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἔπιονpínōdrankaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.24	εἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐκχυννόμενονekchéōpoured outpresent passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.25	λέγωlégōsaypresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthπίωpínōdrinkaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentπίνωpínōdrinkpresent active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.26	ὑμνήσαντεςhymnéōsung a hymnaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐξῆλθονexérchomaiwent outaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.27	λέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthσκανδαλισθήσεσθεskandalízōfall awayfuture passive indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionγέγραπταιgráphōwrittenperfect passive indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present resultΠατάξωpatássōstrikefuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionδιασκορπισθήσονταιdiaskorpízōscatteredfuture passive indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised action
v.28	ἐγερθῆναίegeírōraisedaorist passive infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbπροάξωproágōgo ahead offuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised action
v.29	ἔφηphēmísaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionσκανδαλισθήσονταιskandalízōfall awayfuture passive indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised action
v.30	λέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthλέγωlégōtellpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthφωνῆσαιphōnéōcrowsaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἀπαρνήσῃdenyfuture middle indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised action
v.31	ἐλάλειlaléōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionδέῃdéōhave topresent active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentσυναποθανεῖνsynapothnḗskōdie withaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἀπαρνήσομαιdenyfuture middle indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionἔλεγονlégōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.32	ἔρχονταιérchomaicamepresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthΚαθίσατεkathízōsitaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationπροσεύξωμαιproseúchomaiprayaorist middle subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.33	παραλαμβάνειparalambánōtookpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἤρξατοbeganaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐκθαμβεῖσθαιekthambéōdeeply distressedpresent passive infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἀδημονεῖνtroubledpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.34	λέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthμείνατεménōremainaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationγρηγορεῖτεgrēgoreúōstay awakepresent active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.35	προελθὼνproérchomaigoing ~ fartheraorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔπιπτενpíptōfellimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπροσηύχετοproseúchomaiprayedimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπαρέλθῃparérchomaipassaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.36	ἔλεγενlégōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπαρένεγκεparaphérōremoveaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationθέλωthélōwillpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.37	ἔρχεταιérchomaicamepresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthεὑρίσκειheurískōfoundpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκαθεύδονταςkatheúdōsleepingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκαθεύδειςkatheúdōasleeppresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἴσχυσαςischýōcouldaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionγρηγορῆσαιgrēgoreúōstay awakeaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.38	γρηγορεῖτεgrēgoreúōwatchpresent active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationπροσεύχεσθεproseúchomaipraypresent middle imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationἔλθητεérchomaienteraorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.39	ἀπελθὼνwent awayaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionπροσηύξατοproseúchomaiprayedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἰπώνépōsayingaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.40	ἐλθὼνérchomaicameaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionεὗρενheurískōfoundaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionκαθεύδονταςkatheúdōsleepingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionᾔδεισανeídōknowpluperfect active indicativeresultantPluperfect — action completed before another past actionἀποκριθῶσινansweraorist passive subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.41	ἔρχεταιérchomaicamepresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthΚαθεύδετεkatheúdōsleepingpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἀναπαύεσθεrestingpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἀπέχειenoughpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἦλθενérchomaicomeaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπαραδίδοταιparadídōmibetrayedpresent passive indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.42	ἐγείρεσθεegeírōget uppresent passive imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationἄγωμενgoingpresent active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentπαραδιδούςparadídōmibetrayerpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἤγγικενengízōat handperfect active indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present result
v.43	λαλοῦντοςlaléōspeakingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionπαραγίνεταιparagínomaiarrivedpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.44	δεδώκειdídōmigivenpluperfect active indicativeresultantPluperfect — action completed before another past actionπαραδιδοὺςparadídōmibetrayerpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλέγωνlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionφιλήσωphiléōkissaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentκρατήσατεkratéōarrestaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationἀπάγετεlead ~ awaypresent active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.45	ἐλθὼνérchomaicameaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionπροσελθὼνprosérchomaiwent upaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκατεφίλησενkataphiléōkissedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.46	ἐπέβαλανepibállōlaid ~ onaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐκράτησανkratéōarrestedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.47	παρεστηκότωνparístēmistood byperfect active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionσπασάμενοςspáōdrewaorist middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔπαισενpaíōstruckaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀφεῖλενcut offaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.48	ἀποκριθεὶςansweredaorist passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionεἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐξήλθατεexérchomaicome outaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionσυλλαβεῖνsyllambánōcaptureaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.49	διδάσκωνdidáskōteachingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐκρατήσατέkratéōarrestaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπληρωθῶσινplēróōfulfilledaorist passive subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.50	ἀφέντεςdesertedaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔφυγονpheúgōfledaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.51	συνηκολούθειsynakolouthéōfollowingimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπεριβεβλημένοςperibállōwearingperfect middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionκρατοῦσινkratéōseizedpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.52	καταλιπὼνkataleípōleftaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔφυγενpheúgōfledaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.53	ἀπήγαγονled ~ awayaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionσυνέρχονταιsynérchomaiassembledpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.54	ἠκολούθησενfollowedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionθερμαινόμενοςthermaínōwarming himselfpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.55	ἐζήτουνzētéōlooking forimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionθανατῶσαιthanatóōput ~ todeathaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbηὕρισκονheurískōfindimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.56	ἐψευδομαρτύρουνpseudomartyréōgave false testimonyimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.57	ἀναστάντεςstood upaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐψευδομαρτύρουνpseudomartyréōgave false testimonyimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionλέγοντεςlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.58	ἠκούσαμενheardaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλέγοντοςlégōsaypresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionκαταλύσωkatalýōdestroyfuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionοἰκοδομήσωoikodoméōbuildfuture active indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised action
v.60	ἀναστὰςstood upaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐπηρώτησενeperōtáōaskedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλέγωνlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀποκρίνῃanswerpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκαταμαρτυροῦσινkatamartyréōtestify againstpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.61	ἐσιώπαsiōpáōkept silentimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἀπεκρίνατοansweraorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐπηρώταeperōtáōaskedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionλέγειlégōsayingpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.62	εἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionὄψεσθεhoráōseefuture middle indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionκαθήμενονkáthēmaisittingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐρχόμενονérchomaicomingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.63	διαρρήξαςdiarrhḗssōtoreaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἔχομενéchōhavepresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.64	ἠκούσατεheardaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionφαίνεταιphaínōthinkpresent passive indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκατέκρινανkatakrínōcondemnedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.65	ἤρξαντόbeganaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐμπτύεινemptýōspit onpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbπερικαλύπτεινperikalýptōblindfoldpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbκολαφίζεινkolaphízōbeatpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbλέγεινlégōsayingpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbΠροφήτευσονprophēteúōprophesyaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationἔλαβονlambánōreceivedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.66	ἔρχεταιérchomaicamepresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.67	ἰδοῦσαhoráōsawaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionθερμαινόμενονthermaínōwarming himselfpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐμβλέψασαemblépōlookedaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.68	ἠρνήσατοdeniedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλέγωνlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionοἶδαeídōknowperfect active indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present resultἐπίσταμαιepístamaiunderstandpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthλέγειςlégōtalking aboutpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἐξῆλθενexérchomaiwentaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐφώνησενphōnéōcrowedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.69	ἰδοῦσαhoráōsawaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἤρξατοbeganaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλέγεινlégōsaypresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbπαρεστῶσινparístēmibystandersperfect active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.70	ἠρνεῖτοdeniedimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπαρεστῶτεςparístēmibystandersperfect active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔλεγονlégōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionὁμοιάζειhomoiázōis like (the accent of Galileans)present active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.71	ἤρξατοbeganaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀναθεματίζεινcursepresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbὀμνύναιomnýōswearpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbοἶδαeídōknowperfect active indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present resultλέγετεlégōtalking aboutpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.72	ἐφώνησενphōnéōcrowedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀνεμνήσθηrememberedaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionφωνῆσαιphōnéōcrowsaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἀπαρνήσῃdenyfuture middle indicativeprospectiveFuture indicative — anticipated or promised actionἐπιβαλὼνepibállōbroke downaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔκλαιενklaíōweptimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action

The Biblical World

Chapter At A Glance

Focus Points

Cross References

Passages

Book Arc