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Mark 15

The Crucified King: Condemnation, Mockery, Death, Confession, and Burial

Jesus is condemned though innocent, mocked as king yet truly enthroned through suffering, crucified in the place of sinners, forsaken under judgment, and revealed in death as the Son of God whose sacrifice tears open temple access and fulfills the saving purpose of God.

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Chapter Summary

Overview

Mark 15 argues that the crucifixion is the paradoxical revelation of Jesus' kingship and sonship. Human courts condemn Him, crowds reject Him, soldiers mock Him, and leaders deride Him, but every insult is turned by divine irony into truth. Jesus is the king of the Jews. He saved others precisely by not saving Himself. He is the temple-replacing Son whose death tears the curtain.

He is the righteous sufferer whose cry of abandonment enters the depth of judgment. His death becomes the moment of Gentile confession: this crucified man is the Son of God.

Context

Author

Traditionally associated with John Mark, presenting Jesus with rapid movement, stark irony, suffering, abandonment, divine purpose, and the unveiling of Jesus as the Son of God through the cross.

Audience

Likely mixed early Christian readers who needed to understand that Jesus' shameful Roman crucifixion was not the defeat of the gospel but the enthronement-shaped suffering of the King, the fulfillment of Scripture, and the revelation of the Son of God.

Setting

Mark 15 occurs in Jerusalem on the day of Jesus' crucifixion. The chapter moves from the early morning council decision, to Pilate's interrogation, to the crowd's demand for Barabbas, to Roman mockery inside the Praetorium, to Golgotha, to Jesus' death, and finally to Joseph of Arimathea's burial of Jesus in a tomb.

The Biblical World

Persons 3,132 Places 886 People Groups 22 Periods 10

Chapter At A Glance

Chapter Movement

Mark 15 moves from Jewish leadership condemnation to Roman sentencing, from Barabbas's release to Jesus' crucifixion, from mock kingship to true kingship revealed in suffering, from public derision to cosmic darkness and divine abandonment, from Jesus' death to the torn temple curtain and Gentile confession, and from apparent defeat to honorable burial awaiting resurrection.

Covenant Significance

Mark 15 shows the covenant blood of Mark 14 poured out in death. Jesus is condemned as king, crucified with rebels, and forsaken under judgment. His death tears the temple curtain, signaling that access to God is no longer mediated through the old temple order but through the crucified Son. The righteous sufferer and servant patterns converge as Jesus gives His life for many. The confession of a Gentile centurion anticipates the gospel's movement to the nations.

Gospel Clarity

Mark 15 proclaims the gospel by showing the innocent Jesus condemned in place of the guilty, mocked as king while truly reigning through the cross, crucified among sinners, forsaken under judgment, and dying in a way that tears open access to God. The centurion's confession shows that the crucified one is the Son of God. The gospel is the good news that Jesus did not save Himself because He came to save others through His death.

Formation Aim

Cross-centered faith, courage before public pressure, gratitude for substitution, reverent access to God, worship of the crucified King, faithful witness in dark moments, and hope while waiting for resurrection.

Focus Points

Jesus before Pilate
King of the Jews
Silent suffering
Chief priestly envy
Crowd manipulation
Barabbas released
Substitutionary exchange
Crowd-pleasing injustice
Flogging
Handed over to be crucified
Mock coronation
Purple robe
Crown of thorns
Mock homage
Simon of Cyrene
Golgotha
Wine mixed with myrrh refused
Crucifixion
Divided garments
Written charge
Crucified with rebels
Temple mockery
He saved others
Messiah and king of Israel mocked
Darkness
Forsakenness
Psalm 22
Loud cry
Death of Jesus
Torn temple curtain
Centurion confession
Son of God
Women disciples
Joseph of Arimathea
Waiting for the kingdom
Burial
Witnesses to the tomb
Innocent Condemnation
Substitution
Kingship Through Suffering
The Righteous Sufferer
Crucified with Sinners
Saving by Not Saving Himself
Divine Judgment
Temple Access
Gentile Confession
Faithful Witness
Courageous Discipleship
True Death and Burial
Atonement
Christology
Kingship of Christ
Scripture Fulfillment
Judgment
Temple Theology
Access to God
Human Sin
Witness
Burial of Christ

Explore Further

Doctrine: Messianic Kingship Doctrine: Divine Sovereignty Doctrine: Deity of Christ Doctrine: Atonement Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ Doctrine: Human Sinfulness Motif: Kingdom Motif: Servant Motif: Judgment Motif: Temple Motif: Resurrection Thread: Suffering Servant

Cross References

Matthew 27:1-61

Now when morning had come, all the chief priests and the elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put Him to death: and they bound Him, and led Him away, and delivered Him up to Pontius Pilate, the governor. Then Judas, who betrayed Him, when He saw that Jesus was condemned, felt remorse, and brought back the thirty pieces of silver to the chief...

Parallel crucifixion narrative

Luke 23:1-56

The whole company of them rose up and brought Him before Pilate. They began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man perverting the nation, forbidding paying taxes to Caesar, and saying that He Himself is Christ, a king.” Pilate asked Him, “Are You the King of the Jews?” He answered Him, “So You say.”

Parallel crucifixion narrative

John 18:28-19:42

They led Jesus therefore from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. It was early, and they themselves didn’t enter into the Praetorium, that they might not be defiled, but might eat the Passover. Pilate therefore went out to them, and said, “What accusation do You bring against this man?” They answered Him, “If this man weren’t an evildoer, we wouldn’t have...

Parallel passion narrative

Mark 10:45

For the Son of Man also came not to be served, but to serve, and to give His life as a ransom for many.”

Ransom theology fulfilled

Mark 14:24

He said to them, “This is my blood of the new covenant, which is poured out for many.

Covenant blood enacted

Mark 14:62

Jesus said, “I am. You will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of Power, and coming with the clouds of the sky.”

Son of Man confession before death

Psalm 22

Crucifixion psalm background

Isaiah 53

Suffering servant background

Hebrews 10:19-22

Having therefore, brothers, boldness to enter into the holy place by the blood of Jesus, by the way which He dedicated for us, a new and living way, through the veil, that is to say, His flesh, and having a great priest over God’s house,

Torn curtain and access

1 Corinthians 15:3-4

For I delivered to You first of all that which I also received: that Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures, that He was buried, that He was raised on the third day according to the Scriptures,

Death, burial, resurrection gospel summary

Passages

Chapter opening: Mark 15:1-5

Opening Unit: Mark 15:1-5 Mark 15:6-15 Mark 15:16-20 Mark 15:21-32 Mark 15:33-41 Mark 15:42-47

v.1	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.2	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.3	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.4	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.5	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.ὥστεso asresult clauseὥστε states what happens as a consequence. ἵνα states what is intended.
v.6	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.7	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.8	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.καθὼςeven ascomparative / scriptural groundingWhen Paul writes καθώς γέγραπται ('just as it is written'), he is providing scriptural warrant for everything preceding it.
v.9	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.10	γὰρforgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.11	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.ἵναso thatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.12	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.οὖνtheninference / conclusionAsk: what has Paul argued up to this point? 'Therefore' is the payoff.
v.13	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.14	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.γὰρindeedgrounds / explanationAsk: what claim is this 'for' grounding? That claim is the main point.δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.15	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.16	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.17	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.18	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.19	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.20	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.21	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.22	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.23	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.δὲhowevercontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.24	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.25	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.26	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.27	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.28	καὶandadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.29	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.31	δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.32	ἵναthatpurpose clauseἵνα clauses often contain the theological payoff: 'so that God might...'
v.33	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.δὲnowcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.34	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.35	καίAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.36	δέthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.εἰifconditional clauseAsk whether Paul treats the 'if' as assumed true (1st class) or merely hypothetical.
v.37	δὲButcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.38	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.39	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.ὅτιthatcontent marker or causalIf ὅτι follows a verb of speaking/knowing/believing, it introduces content. If it follows a statement, it introduces a reason.
v.40	δὲthencontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.
v.42	ΚαὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.44	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.εἰifconditional clauseAsk whether Paul treats the 'if' as assumed true (1st class) or merely hypothetical.εἰwhetherconditional clauseAsk whether Paul treats the 'if' as assumed true (1st class) or merely hypothetical.
v.45	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.46	καὶAndadditive / emphaticClause-initial καί in Paul often links equal-weight clauses that should be read together.
v.47	δὲAndcontinuation or mild contrastNote where δέ appears in a μέν...δέ pair — that structure is a deliberate contrast.

v.1	ποιήσαντεςpoiéōheldaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionδήσαντεςdéōboundaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀπήνεγκανled ~ awayaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπαρέδωκανparadídōmihanded ~ overaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.2	ἐπηρώτησενeperōtáōaskedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀποκριθεὶςansweredaorist passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλέγειlégōsaidpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthλέγειςlégōsaypresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.3	κατηγόρουνkatēgoréōaccusedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.4	ἐπηρώταeperōtáōaskedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionλέγωνlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀποκρίνῃanswerpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκατηγοροῦσινkatēgoréōcharges ~ bringagainstpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.5	ἀπεκρίθηansweraorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionθαυμάζεινthaumázōamazedpresent active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.6	ἀπέλυενreleaseimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπαρῃτοῦντοparaitéomairequestedimperfect middle indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.7	πεποιήκεισανpoiéōcommittedpluperfect active indicativeresultantPluperfect — action completed before another past action
v.8	ἀναβὰςcame upaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἤρξατοbeganaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionαἰτεῖσθαιaskpresent middle infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἐποίειpoiéōdoimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.9	ἀπεκρίθηansweredaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionλέγωνlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionΘέλετεthélōwantpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthἀπολύσωreleaseaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.10	ἐγίνωσκενginṓskōrealizedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionπαραδεδώκεισανparadídōmihanded ~ overpluperfect active indicativeresultantPluperfect — action completed before another past action
v.11	ἀνέσεισανstirred upaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀπολύσῃreleaseaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.12	ἀποκριθεὶςansweredaorist passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔλεγενlégōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionθέλετεthélōwantpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthποιήσωpoiéōdoaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentλέγετεlégōcallpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.13	ἔκραξανkrázōshoutedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionΣταύρωσονstauróōcrucifyaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.14	ἔλεγενlégōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἐποίησενpoiéōdoneaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἔκραξανkrázōshoutedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionΣταύρωσονstauróōcrucifyaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.15	βουλόμενοςboúlomaiwishingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionποιῆσαιpoiéō*aorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbἀπέλυσενreleasedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπαρέδωκενparadídōmihanded ~ overaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionφραγελλώσαςphragellóōscourgedaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionσταυρωθῇstauróōcrucifiedaorist passive subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.16	ἀπήγαγονled ~ awayaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionσυγκαλοῦσινsynkaléōcalled togetherpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.17	ἐνδιδύσκουσινendidýskōput ~ onpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthπεριτιθέασινperitíthēmiput ~ onpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthπλέξαντεςplékōtwisted togetheraorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.18	ἤρξαντοbeganaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀσπάζεσθαιsalutepresent middle infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verbΧαῖρεchaírōhailpresent active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortation
v.19	ἔτυπτονtýptōstruckimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἐνέπτυονemptýōspitting onimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionτιθέντεςtíthēmigetting down onpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionπροσεκύνουνproskynéōhomageimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.20	ἐνέπαιξανempaízōmockedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐξέδυσανekdýōstrippedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐνέδυσανendýōput ~ onaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐξάγουσινexágōled ~ outpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthσταυρώσωσινstauróōcrucifyaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.21	ἀγγαρεύουσινforcedpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthπαράγοντάparágōpassing bypresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐρχόμενονérchomaicomingpresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἄρῃcarryaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.22	φέρουσινphérōbroughtpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.23	ἐδίδουνdídōmiofferedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἐσμυρνισμένονsmyrnízōmixed with myrrhperfect passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔλαβενlambánōtakeaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.24	σταυροῦσινstauróōcrucifiedpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthδιαμερίζονταιdiamerízōdividedpresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthβάλλοντεςcastingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἄρῃtakeaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingent
v.25	ἐσταύρωσανstauróōcrucifiedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.27	σταυροῦσινstauróōcrucifiedpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.29	παραπορευόμενοιparaporeúomaipassed bypresent middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐβλασφήμουνderidedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionκινοῦντεςkinéōshakingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionλέγοντεςlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionκαταλύωνkatalýōdestroypresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionοἰκοδομῶνoikodoméōrebuildpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.30	σῶσονsṓzōsaveaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationκαταβὰςkatabaínōcome downaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.31	ἐμπαίζοντεςempaízōmockingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔλεγονlégōsayingimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionἔσωσενsṓzōsavedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionδύναταιdýnamaiablepresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthσῶσαιsṓzōsaveaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.32	καταβάτωkatabaínōcome downaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationἴδωμενhoráōseeaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentπιστεύσωμενpisteúōbelieveaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentσυνεσταυρωμένοιsystauróōcrucifiedperfect passive participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionὠνείδιζονoneidízōtauntedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past action
v.33	γενομένηςgínomaiwasaorist middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐγένετοgínomaicameaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.34	ἐβόησενcried outaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionσαβαχθάνιsabachthánisabachthaniaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἐγκατέλιπέςenkataleípōforsakenaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.35	παρεστηκότωνparístēmibystandersperfect active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἀκούσαντεςheardaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἔλεγονlégōsaidimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionφωνεῖphōnéōcallingpresent active indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truth
v.36	δραμὼνtréchōranaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionγεμίσαςgemízōfilledaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionπεριθεὶςperitíthēmiput ~ onaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐπότιζενpotízōgave ~ todrinkimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionλέγωνlégōsayingpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἌφετεleaveaorist active imperativeimperativeImperative mood — command or exhortationἴδωμενhoráōseeaorist active subjunctivesubjunctiveSubjunctive mood — conditional, purpose, or contingentἔρχεταιérchomaicomepresent middle indicativeongoingPresent indicative — ongoing, habitual, or general truthκαθελεῖνkathairéōtake ~ downaorist active infinitiveinfinitiveInfinitive — verbal noun or complementary verb
v.37	ἀφεὶςutteredaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐξέπνευσενekpnéōbreathed his lastaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.38	ἐσχίσθηschízōtornaorist passive indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.39	ἰδὼνhoráōsawaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionπαρεστηκὼςparístēmistoodperfect active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐξέπνευσενekpnéōbreathed his lastaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionεἶπενépōsaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.40	Ἦσανēnwereimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionθεωροῦσαιtheōréōlooking onpresent active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.41	ἠκολούθουνfollowedimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionδιηκόνουνdiakonéōministeredimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionσυναναβᾶσαιsynanabaínōcame up withaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.42	γενομένηςgínomaicomeaorist middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting action
v.43	ἐλθὼνérchomaicameaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionτολμήσαςtolmáōboldlyaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionεἰσῆλθενeisérchomaiwentaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionᾐτήσατοasked foraorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.44	ἐθαύμασενthaumázōsurprisedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionτέθνηκενthnḗskōdeadperfect active indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present resultπροσκαλεσάμενοςproskaléomaisummoningaorist middle participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐπηρώτησενeperōtáōaskedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἀπέθανενdeadaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.45	γνοὺςginṓskōlearnedaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐδωρήσατοdōréomaigrantedaorist middle indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.46	ἀγοράσαςboughtaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionκαθελὼνkathairéōtook ~ downaorist active participleparticipleParticiple — verbal adjective, supporting actionἐνείλησενeneiléōwrappedaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionἔθηκενtíthēmilaidaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed actionπροσεκύλισενproskylíōrolledaorist active indicativecompletedAorist indicative — punctiliar or completed action
v.47	ἐθεώρουνtheōréōsawimperfect active indicativebackgroundImperfect indicative — continuous or repeated past actionτέθειταιtíthēmilaidperfect passive indicativeresultantPerfect indicative — completed action with present result

The Biblical World

Chapter At A Glance

Focus Points

Cross References

Passages

Book Arc