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Greek · G4717 · unreviewed

σταυρόω

To crucify

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σταυρόω G4717
Pronunciation stauróō

What does σταυρόω (stauróō) mean in the Bible?

σταυρόω (stauróō) is a Greek word meaning "to crucify". σταυρόω, -ῶ (σταυρός), [in LXX: Est. Defines the form of execution reserved for rebels.

Full entry for σταυρόω (G4717) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to crucify
Extended definition

To crucify; metaphorically, to put to death or renounce (one's flesh, desires, self).

(σταυρός), [in LXX: Est.7:9 (תָּלָה), Est.8:13 * ;]

1to fence with pales, impalisade (Thuc.).
2In late writers (Polyb., FlJ; but ἀνασταυρόω is more common) to crucify: with accusative of person(s), Mat.20:19 23:34 26:2 27:22 ff. Mat.28:5, Mrk.15:16 ff. Mrk.16:6, Luk.23:21, 23 23:33 24:7, 20, Jhn.19:6 ff., Act.2:36 4:10, 1Co.1:13 1:23 2:2 2:8, 2Co.13:4, Gal.3:1, Rev.11:8; metaphorically, Gal.5:24 6:14.
Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Why This Word Matters
Defines the form of execution reserved for rebels. Luke 23:13–25
Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses
Aorist Perfect Present Future
Voices
Active Passive
Indicative states a fact or reality 19×
Aorist Active Mark 15:25 · Luke 23:33 · Luke 24:20 · John 19:18 · John 19:23 · 1 Cor 2:8 · Gal 5:24 · Acts 2:36 · Acts 4:10 9×
Aorist Passive John 19:20 · John 19:41 · 1 Cor 1:13 · 2 Cor 13:4 · Rev 11:8 5×
Present Active Mark 15:24 · Mark 15:27 2×
Future Active Matt 23:34 1×
Present Passive Matt 27:38 1×
Perfect Passive Gal 6:14 1×
Imperative command or strong request 10×
Aorist Active Mark 15:13 · Mark 15:14 · John 19:6 · John 19:15 6×
Aorist Passive Matt 27:22 · Matt 27:23 2×
Present Active Luke 23:21 2×
Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 6×
Perfect Passive Matt 28:5 · Mark 16:6 · 1 Cor 1:23 · 1 Cor 2:2 · Gal 3:1 5×
Aorist Active Matt 27:35 1×
Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract 6×
Aorist Active Matt 20:19 · Matt 27:31 · John 19:10 3×
Aorist Passive Matt 26:2 · Luke 23:23 · Luke 24:7 3×
Subjunctive possibility, probability, or purpose 5×
Aorist Passive Matt 27:26 · Mark 15:15 · John 19:16 3×
Aorist Active Mark 15:20 · John 19:15 2×
46 total occurrences across all forms in the biblical text Morphology: MorphGNT SBLGNT — CC BY-SA 3.0
Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 45 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect
completed 14 ongoing 3 resultant 1 imperative 10 subjunctive 5 infinitive 6 participle 6
Tense
aorist 34 perfect 6 present 5
Voice
active 25 passive 20
Mood
indicative 18 imperative 10 participle 6 infinitive 6 subjunctive 5
NT Occurrences
Matthew 20:19 σταυρῶσαι aorist active infinitive infinitive Matthew 26:2 σταυρωθῆναι aorist passive infinitive infinitive Matthew 27:22 Σταυρωθήτω aorist passive imperative imperative Matthew 27:23 Σταυρωθήτω aorist passive imperative imperative Matthew 27:26 σταυρωθῇ aorist passive subjunctive subjunctive Matthew 27:31 σταυρῶσαι aorist active infinitive infinitive Matthew 27:35 σταυρώσαντες aorist active participle participle Matthew 27:38 σταυροῦνται present passive indicative ongoing Matthew 28:5 ἐσταυρωμένον perfect passive participle participle Mark 15:13 Σταύρωσον aorist active imperative imperative Mark 15:14 Σταύρωσον aorist active imperative imperative Mark 15:15 σταυρωθῇ aorist passive subjunctive subjunctive Mark 15:20 σταυρώσωσιν aorist active subjunctive subjunctive Mark 15:24 σταυροῦσιν present active indicative ongoing Mark 15:25 ἐσταύρωσαν aorist active indicative completed Mark 15:27 σταυροῦσιν present active indicative ongoing Mark 16:6 ἐσταυρωμένον perfect passive participle participle Luke 23:21 Σταύρου present active imperative imperative Luke 23:21 σταύρου present active imperative imperative Luke 23:23 σταυρωθῆναι aorist passive infinitive infinitive Luke 23:33 ἐσταύρωσαν aorist active indicative completed Luke 24:20 ἐσταύρωσαν aorist active indicative completed Luke 24:7 σταυρωθῆναι aorist passive infinitive infinitive John 19:10 σταυρῶσαί aorist active infinitive infinitive John 19:15 σταύρωσον aorist active imperative imperative John 19:15 σταυρώσω aorist active subjunctive subjunctive John 19:16 σταυρωθῇ aorist passive subjunctive subjunctive John 19:18 ἐσταύρωσαν aorist active indicative completed John 19:20 ἐσταυρώθη aorist passive indicative completed John 19:23 ἐσταύρωσαν aorist active indicative completed John 19:41 ἐσταυρώθη aorist passive indicative completed John 19:6 Σταύρωσον aorist active imperative imperative John 19:6 σταύρωσον aorist active imperative imperative John 19:6 σταυρώσατε aorist active imperative imperative Acts 2:36 ἐσταυρώσατε aorist active indicative completed Acts 4:10 ἐσταυρώσατε aorist active indicative completed 1 Corinthians 1:13 ἐσταυρώθη aorist passive indicative completed 1 Corinthians 1:23 ἐσταυρωμένον perfect passive participle participle 1 Corinthians 2:2 ἐσταυρωμένον perfect passive participle participle 1 Corinthians 2:8 ἐσταύρωσαν aorist active indicative completed +5 more occurrences

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Biblical Occurrences

Each occurrence shows the passage reference, the original language term as it appears in that context, its transliteration, and the contextual sense.

New Testament Witnesses
Luke 23:13–25 σταυρόω stauróō Imperative · Present Active
to crucify
Additional Occurrences
Luke 23:32–38 ἐσταύρωσαν stauróō
They crucified
Mark 15:1–15 σταυρόω stauróō
to crucify; to execute on a cross
Mark 15:16–32 σταυρόω stauróō
to crucify; execute on a cross
Mark 16:1–8 ἐσταυρωμένος stauróō
having been crucified
Appears In

Compound and idiomatic lexemes in which this word is a constituent. Follow a link to study the phrase and its other participating words.

Ἰησοῦς · σταυρόω G2424, G4717
Jesus the crucified one
Χριστός · σταυρόω G5547, G4717
Christ who has been crucified
Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

John 19 — The Crucified King: Behold the Man, Behold Your King, It Is Finished, and the Pierced Son Luke 23 — The Innocent King Condemned, Crucified with Transgressors, and Buried in Hope Mark 15 — The Crucified King: Condemnation, Mockery, Death, Confession, and Burial Mark 16 — He Has Risen: The Empty Tomb, the Angelic Announcement, Galilee Promise, and Trembling Witness Matthew 20 — The First-Last Kingdom, the Ransom-Giving Son of Man, and Mercy for the Blind Matthew 23 — Woes upon Hypocritical Leadership and the Lament over Jerusalem Matthew 26 — The Betrayal, Passover, Gethsemane, Trial, and Denial of Jesus Matthew 27 — Jesus Condemned, Crucified, Dead, Buried, and Guarded Matthew 28 — The Resurrection of Jesus and the Great Commission of the Risen King

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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