Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, prophet to Judah before and during Jerusalem's fall.
Zedekiah Seeks Prayer but Refuses the Word
Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
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Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
Jeremiah 37 argues that seeking prayer while refusing God's word is not faithfulness. Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's intercession and private guidance, but he does not listen to the Lord's public message. The temporary withdrawal of Babylon because of Egypt becomes an occasion for self-deception, but the Lord's word remains unchanged: Babylon will return and burn the city.
Jeremiah's suffering demonstrates the cost of faithful proclamation in a fearful society. He is accused of treason not because he is disloyal but because he has spoken the truth Judah does not want to hear. The chapter teaches that circumstances can briefly appear to contradict God's word, but the word of the Lord interprets circumstances, not the reverse.
Zedekiah, Judah's officials, Jerusalem's people, and later readers learning why Jerusalem fell despite political maneuvers and prophetic intercession requests.
The chapter occurs during Zedekiah's reign, while Babylon is besieging Jerusalem and Egypt's army has temporarily caused the Babylonian forces to withdraw.
Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
Jeremiah son of Hilkiah, prophet to Judah before and during Jerusalem's fall.
Zedekiah, Judah's officials, Jerusalem's people, and later readers learning why Jerusalem fell despite political maneuvers and prophetic intercession requests.
The chapter occurs during Zedekiah's reign, while Babylon is besieging Jerusalem and Egypt's army has temporarily caused the Babylonian forces to withdraw.
- Jerusalem is under siege conditions. Bread is limited, the city is tense, officials are hostile, and suspicion of desertion is high.
Jeremiah 37 shows the collapse of Judah's political hope in Egypt and the continued rejection of the prophetic word leading to the fall of Jerusalem.
The chapter moves from Zedekiah's refusal to listen, to his request for Jeremiah's prayer, to the Lord's warning that Egypt cannot save Jerusalem, to Jeremiah's unjust arrest, to Zedekiah's secret inquiry, and finally to Jeremiah's transfer to the courtyard of the guard.
Theological exposition and fulfillment
Jeremiah 37 forms honest prayer, obedient listening, resistance to self-deception, courage under false accusation, and trust in God's word over temporary appearances.
- 1-3: Zedekiah refuses the Lord's word but asks Jeremiah to pray, exposing the emptiness of religious request without obedience.
- 4-10: The Lord warns Judah not to deceive itself: Pharaoh will return to Egypt, Babylon will return to Jerusalem, and the city will burn.
- 11-15: Jeremiah is falsely accused, ignored, beaten, and imprisoned for a crime he did not commit.
- 16-17: Zedekiah asks privately if there is any word from the Lord, and Jeremiah repeats that he will be handed over to Babylon.
- 18-21: Jeremiah exposes the false prophets' failure, pleads not to die in prison, and is moved to the courtyard of the guard.
Sense Zedekiah, 'Yahweh is righteousness'
Definition The final king of Judah, installed by Nebuchadnezzar in place of Jehoiachin.
References Jeremiah 37:1, 3, 17-21
Lexicon Zedekiah, 'Yahweh is righteousness'
Why it matters Zedekiah embodies fearful leadership that seeks prayer and secret counsel but refuses the Lord's word.
Pastoral Entry
מֶלֶךְ (melek) is the ordinary Hebrew noun for a king or ruler. It names Israelite kings, foreign kings, the promised Davidic king, and the Lord as King, so readers must identify the referent before drawing theological conclusions. Deuteronomy 17 anticipates a king and places him under God's instruction. First Samuel 8 does not declare every human kingship inherently evil; it exposes Israel's demand for a king like the nations and warns how royal power can take people, labor, land, and wealth.
The Psalms proclaim the Lord as King over all the earth and also sing of His anointed ruler. The histories then measure Israel's kings by covenant faithfulness, justice, and dependence on God. Zechariah 9 presents a righteous, humble king whose arrival the Gospels associate with Jesus. The word melek therefore helps teachers distinguish God's unrivaled rule, delegated human authority, failed kingship, and messianic hope without treating any present political leader or nation as the direct fulfillment of Israel's royal promises.
Sense king, ruler
Definition A king or ruling monarch.
References Jeremiah 37:1-3, 17-18, 21
Lexicon king, ruler
Why it matters The king's refusal to listen shows failure of covenant leadership.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Sense Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon
Definition The Babylonian king who appointed Zedekiah and besieged Jerusalem.
References Jeremiah 37:1
Lexicon Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon
Why it matters Babylon's authority over Judah is part of the Lord's judgment, not merely imperial accident.
Pastoral Entry
שָׁמַע (šāmaʿ) is a high-frequency Hebrew verb for hearing, listening, paying attention, understanding, heeding, obeying, receiving news, or causing something to be heard. Adam hears a sound, people hear reports, languages are or are not understood, God hears cries and prayer, communities are summoned to listen, and commands may be heeded or refused. Responsive obedience is an important contextual sense, especially in covenant instruction, but the verb does not erase the distinction between auditory perception and obedient action in every verse.
The Shema begins, 'Hear, Israel,' and continues with confession of the Lord and a call to covenant love and teaching. Exodus says God hears enslaved Israel's groaning, and many prayers trust that God hears. Prophets can speak to people who hear words but do not respond, making the gap between sound and obedience explicit. Wisdom commends listening before answering and receiving counsel. These settings show attention, understanding, response, justice, and relationship without making hearing a single inward act.
Human authority must still be evaluated. Israel can wrongly heed fear or refuse a faithful warning; Tamar's brother does not listen to her and violates her; false prophets demand an audience; rulers and communities ignore truth. 'Listen and obey' language cannot authorize abuse, override consent, or make a leader's claim equal to God's word. Deaf and hard-of-hearing people, auditory-processing differences, language barriers, and communication disabilities must not be treated as spiritual deficits.
Sense did not hear, did not obey, did not listen
Definition To refuse attentive hearing or obedience.
References Jeremiah 37:2
Lexicon did not hear, did not obey, did not listen
Why it matters The opening diagnosis of the chapter is that king, attendants, and people did not listen to the Lord's words.
Pastoral Entry
דָּבָר (dabar) is one of the most theologically rich words in the Hebrew Bible. The same word covers 'word' in the sense of spoken utterance, 'matter' or 'thing' in the sense of a real-world event, and 'affair' in the sense of a legal or administrative case. The range itself is significant: in Hebrew thought, a dabar is not merely a sound or a symbol but a living reality that connects speech and event, utterance and outcome.
The dabar YHWH (word of the Lord) is the primary theological use — the formula that introduces prophetic speech throughout the OT ('the word of the Lord came to me,' Jer 1:4; Ezek 1:3; etc.). The word of the Lord is not merely information about God's intentions; it is the active agency of God Himself entering history. When God speaks, things happen: Genesis 1 creates by dabar — 'God said, "Let there be light," and there was light.' The dabar of God does not describe a reality that already exists; it creates the reality it names.
Isaiah 40:8 gives the dabar its most famous statement of permanence: 'The grass withers, the flower fades, but the word (dabar) of our God will stand forever.' In context, this is a promise about the reliability of God's purposes for Israel — the imperial powers and their words will pass away, but God's dabar will not. The NT reads this as the ground for the gospel's permanence (1 Pet 1:24-25 quotes Isa 40:8 for 'the living and abiding word of God' by which people are born again).
Psalm 119 is the OT's most sustained meditation on the dabar of God — 176 verses of engagement with the word, instruction, statutes, and commands. The central claim running through all 22 stanzas is that the dabar of God is the source of life, wisdom, comfort, and orientation. 'I have stored up your word (dabar) in my heart, that I might not sin against you' (Ps 119:11). The dabar is not merely read but internalized — hidden in the heart where it becomes the motivation for faithful living.
For the preacher, דָּבָר is the word that insists God speaks and that His speech does things. The sermon is not commentary on the word; it is the continued vehicle of the word's active agency in the congregation.
Sense words, matters, things
Definition Words or matters spoken by the LORD through the prophet.
References Jeremiah 37:2, 17
Lexicon words, matters, things
Why it matters The conflict centers on whether Judah will pay attention to the Lord's words through Jeremiah.
Pastoral Entry
פָּלַל (pālal) is the Hebrew verb used for praying, interceding, and entreating before God. Genesis 20:7 and 20:17 show Abraham praying for Abimelech's household, Numbers 11:2 shows Moses interceding after the people cry out, and Numbers 21:7 joins confession with a request that Moses pray. The verb names the act of prayer; the passage supplies the petition, posture, covenant setting, and outcome.
Personal and communal prayer take many forms. Hannah prays from deep distress in First Samuel 1, Samuel regards ceasing to pray for Israel as sin in 12:23, Solomon's temple prayer addresses forgiveness, exile, drought, war, and the foreigner, and Daniel 9 joins confession, covenant memory, and petition. Nehemiah prays while planning and acting, so prayer is not presented as a substitute for responsibility or wise means.
Scripture also constrains presumptuous claims. Jeremiah is at times forbidden to pray for a people under settled judgment, while Jeremiah 29:7 commands prayer for the welfare of the exile city. Job 42:8-10 uses intercession within the resolution of conflict and divine correction. Answers vary, and prayer does not grant control over God, guarantee a preferred result, or authorize one person to override another's consent by claiming spiritual certainty.
Form in passage Hithpael · Sequential imperfect · 2nd Person · Masculine · Singular What is this?
Sense to pray, intercede
Definition To pray or intercede before God.
References Jeremiah 37:3
Lexicon to pray, intercede
Why it matters Zedekiah asks Jeremiah to pray, exposing the tension between seeking intercession and refusing obedience.
Sense Pharaoh, king of Egypt
Definition Title of Egypt's ruler.
References Jeremiah 37:5, 7
Lexicon Pharaoh, king of Egypt
Why it matters Pharaoh's army becomes the basis of Judah's temporary false hope.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Sense army, force, strength
Definition Military force, strength, or army.
References Jeremiah 37:5, 7, 10-11
Lexicon army, force, strength
Why it matters The armies of Egypt and Babylon are visible powers, but both are subordinate to the Lord's word.
Pastoral Entry
עָלָה (ʿālāh) is a frequent Hebrew verb for going up, ascending, rising, or causing something to go up. Genesis 2:6 says moisture rose from the earth, Genesis 13:1 says Abram went up from Egypt, and Numbers 13:17 commands the spies to go up through the Negev. Geography and ordinary motion explain many occurrences. Upward movement is not automatically spiritual progress, moral superiority, or entry into God's presence.
The verb also marks significant journeys and worship. Moses goes up to God in Exodus 19:3 and ascends the mountain with Joshua in Exodus 24:13. First Samuel 1:3 says Elkanah went up yearly to worship and sacrifice, Psalm 24:3 asks who may ascend the Lord's hill, and Isaiah 2:3 pictures nations going up to the mountain of the Lord for instruction. These passages connect ascent with encounter and worship because of their destinations and purposes, not because higher elevation is inherently holier.
Causative uses include bringing Israel up from Egypt and offering sacrifice. Exodus 32:1 recalls Moses as the man who brought Israel up from Egypt, Genesis 8:20 says Noah offered burnt offerings, and Deuteronomy 12:13 restricts where burnt offerings may be offered. Second Kings 2:11 says Elijah went up in a whirlwind, a distinctive narrative event. Psalm 68:18's ascent language is later taken up in Ephesians 4:8, while Isaiah 40:31 pictures those waiting for the Lord rising on wings like eagles. These connections deserve close reading but do not make every H5927 ascent a prediction of Christ's ascension or a promise of constant emotional and physical elevation.
Sense to go up, withdraw, depart
Definition To go up or depart; here used of the Babylonian army lifting or withdrawing from Jerusalem.
References Jeremiah 37:5, 11
Lexicon to go up, withdraw, depart
Why it matters Babylon's withdrawal creates the false impression that judgment may be over.
Pastoral Entry
שׁוּב (shuv) is a common Hebrew verb for turning, returning, going back, bringing back, or restoring. Many occurrences describe ordinary movement, so the verb does not mean repentance every time it appears. In covenant and prophetic settings, however, returning to the Lord becomes a rich description of repentance: people turn from wicked ways, return to God, hear His voice, and seek His mercy.
Other stem forms can describe causing someone or something to return, including God's restoration of His people. Deuteronomy 30 joins Israel's return to the Lord with God's gathering and renewal after judgment. Isaiah 55 calls the wicked to forsake a way and return to the compassionate God. Hosea and Zechariah address a covenant people whose return must be truthful rather than merely verbal.
Christian teaching can connect this movement with New Testament calls to repent and turn to God, but the Hebrew verb itself should not be collapsed into one technical doctrine. Pastoral use must also distinguish return to God from pressure to return to an unsafe person, place, leader, or institution.
Sense to return, turn back
Definition To return or turn back.
References Jeremiah 37:7-8, 10
Lexicon to return, turn back
Why it matters Egypt will return to its land, and Babylon will return to Jerusalem. The repeated return language overturns Judah's hope.
Sense to fight, wage war
Definition To fight or engage in battle.
References Jeremiah 37:8, 10
Lexicon to fight, wage war
Why it matters The Babylonians will return and fight against Jerusalem according to the Lord's word.
Sense to capture, seize, take
Definition To capture, take, or seize a city or person.
References Jeremiah 37:8
Lexicon to capture, seize, take
Why it matters Jerusalem will be captured despite the temporary withdrawal of Babylon.
Pastoral Entry
שָׂרַף (saraph) is a Hebrew verb meaning to burn, burn up, consume by fire, or incinerate. Its objects vary widely: bricks are fired, Passover leftovers and sacrificial remains are burned, contaminated cloth is destroyed, an idol is burned and ground, cities and buildings are burned in war, a royal scroll is burned, bones are burned, and bodies are burned in episodes of law, violence, or burial. The verb identifies the burning action but does not make every fire sacrificial, purifying, divine, or morally approved.
Torah assigns particular burning procedures to particular covenant settings and also condemns burning children as an abominable practice. Prophets announce or narrate fires of judgment, while Jeremiah 36 portrays officials refusing to fear when the king cuts and burns the prophetic scroll. Historical conquest accounts contain destruction that belongs to Israel's narrated land and covenant setting. Psalm 46, by contrast, celebrates the ending of wars through the burning of military equipment.
H8313 does not occur in the fire that consumes the offering in Leviticus 9, the deaths in Leviticus 10, the wilderness fire of Numbers 11, or Isaiah's seraphim and altar-coal scene. Those passages use other words or the related noun H8314 and cannot define this verb's direct usage. No ancient burning command authorizes arson, destruction of another religion's property, book burning, cremation shaming, execution, self-harm, or violence against a person today.
Sense to burn, consume by fire
Definition To burn or consume with fire.
References Jeremiah 37:8, 10
Lexicon to burn, consume by fire
Why it matters The burning of Jerusalem is the fixed judgment outcome in the chapter.
Form in passage Hiphil · Jussive · 2nd Person · Masculine · Plural What is this?
Sense do not deceive your souls, do not mislead yourselves
Definition A warning against self-deception or false inward assurance.
References Jeremiah 37:9
Lexicon do not deceive your souls, do not mislead yourselves
Why it matters The Lord identifies Judah's political optimism as self-deception.
Form in passage Pual · Participle passive What is this?
Sense men pierced through, wounded soldiers
Definition Men wounded or pierced in battle.
References Jeremiah 37:10
Lexicon men pierced through, wounded soldiers
Why it matters Even wounded Babylonian soldiers would fulfill the Lord's judgment, showing certainty beyond military strength.
Sense Benjamin Gate
Definition A gate of Jerusalem associated with the direction toward Benjamin.
References Jeremiah 37:13
Lexicon Benjamin Gate
Why it matters Jeremiah is arrested at the gate while going toward Benjamin, turning ordinary movement into accusation.
Pastoral Entry
נָפַל (naphal) is the ordinary Hebrew verb for falling, but its uses extend well beyond an accidental loss of balance. Cain's face falls in Genesis 4:5-6, Abraham falls on his face in Genesis 17:3, Joseph's brothers fall before him in Genesis 44:14, and battle narratives use the verb for those who fall slain. Some constructions can describe falling upon or attacking, while other contexts concern lots or events that fall to someone. The surrounding words determine whether the fall expresses posture, defeat, death, emotion, assignment, or assault.
Proverbs 24:16 says a righteous person may fall seven times and rise, whereas the wicked stumble in calamity. In this wisdom context, the fall should not be reduced to repeated moral failure or used as permission to continue sinning. Psalm 37:24 says that though the righteous person falls, he is not cast headlong because the Lord supports his hand. Micah 7:8 speaks defiantly from darkness: when the speaker falls, the speaker will rise because the Lord will be light. Together these passages sustain hope without promising instant recovery or freedom from serious consequences.
Falling prostrate can express fear, grief, petition, or reverence. Joshua 5:14 falls facedown before the commander of the Lord's army and asks for instruction; Numbers 14:5 says Moses and Aaron fall before the assembly during crisis. Isaiah 14:12 uses the verb in a taunt against the king of Babylon, whose proud ascent ends in a fall from heaven. Ezekiel 11:5 says the Spirit of the Lord fell upon the prophet and directed him to speak. These uses should remain distinct: prostration is not always worship, prophetic compulsion is not a required physical experience, and Isaiah's taunt is not by itself a full narrative of Satan's origin.
Form in passage Qal · Participle active What is this?
Sense to fall away, desert, go over
Definition To fall, fall away, or go over to another side depending on context.
References Jeremiah 37:13-14
Lexicon to fall away, desert, go over
Why it matters Jeremiah is falsely accused of going over to the Babylonians.
Pastoral Entry
שֶׁקֶר (sheqer) is a Hebrew noun for falsehood, a lie, deception, fraud, or something that proves unfounded or unreliable. It can modify testimony and oaths, name deceptive prophetic claims, describe an idol's false status, expose slogans that create false security, or characterize a hope that fails. Some contexts clearly involve deliberate deceit; the noun itself does not prove a speaker's intention, awareness, diagnosis, or entire character.
Torah treats false testimony as a threat to justice and requires careful investigation. Jeremiah condemns speakers who claim divine authorization they did not receive, but he also challenges deceptive institutional confidence in the temple. Wisdom contrasts reliable speech with lies and exposes charm or promised gain that misleads. Psalm 33 calls the war horse a false hope for salvation, illustrating that sheqer can concern misplaced reliance rather than a spoken sentence.
Truth-telling must serve justice, love, and safety. A mistake, incomplete memory, trauma response, translation difference, disagreement, satire, protected confidentiality, or symptom of illness is not automatically a malicious lie. Allegations of deception require evidence and fair process, especially when reputation, employment, membership, custody, or liberty is at stake. Religious leaders must not label dissent, abuse reports, scientific evidence, or mental-health symptoms as sheqer merely because they challenge authority.
Sense lie, falsehood, deception
Definition A lie or falsehood.
References Jeremiah 37:14
Lexicon lie, falsehood, deception
Why it matters Jeremiah directly denies the accusation as false, exposing injustice against the prophet.
Pastoral Entry
שַׂר (sar) is a Hebrew noun for a prince, ruler, chief, captain, commander, official, overseer, or another person of recognized rank. Its breadth is institutional: a sar may serve a king, command an army, supervise labor, administer a district, lead a group, oversee temple work, or appear in a vision. The title alone does not establish the person's moral character, exact office, authority source, or modern counterpart.
Scripture portrays both faithful and corrupt officials. Exodus uses the title for oppressive taskmasters and for capable leaders selected to share judicial responsibility. Naaman is a respected army commander who also seeks healing. Isaiah condemns rebellious rulers, promises just rule, and uses the title Prince of Peace in a royal birth oracle. Daniel applies sar language in visionary conflict, a setting that should not be flattened into ordinary political administration.
Rank is therefore accountable stewardship, not intrinsic superiority. Biblical titles do not grant contemporary leaders unlimited access to bodies, money, labor, votes, homes, private information, or obedience. Military and royal narratives cannot independently authorize modern violence or political domination. Healthy authority has defined jurisdiction, competence, transparency, consent where applicable, protection for vulnerable people, conflict-of-interest controls, reporting routes, and meaningful review.
Sense officials, princes, leaders
Definition Officials, princes, or governing leaders.
References Jeremiah 37:14-15
Lexicon officials, princes, leaders
Why it matters The officials are angry and violent toward Jeremiah, showing leadership hostility to prophetic truth.
Pastoral Entry
נָכָה (nakah) is a frequent Hebrew verb for striking. Its range extends from a blow, as when Zedekiah strikes Micaiah on the cheek in 1 Kings 22:24, to lethal violence, as when Moses strikes down the Egyptian in Exodus 2:12, and to military defeat in Joshua 10:10. The verb itself does not specify the force, moral character, or outcome of every strike. Subject, object, and narrative setting supply those distinctions.
Exodus uses nakah for divine judgment in the plagues. In Exodus 12:12 the Lord says he will strike Egypt's firstborn, and verse 13 says the destructive plague will not enter the blood-marked houses when he strikes the land. The passage grounds Israel's rescue in God's stated sign and promise. It should not be expanded into a guarantee that faithful people will avoid every form of suffering, nor should every later use of nakah be made part of one atonement formula.
Isaiah 53:4 says the observers regarded the servant as struck by God and afflicted. The surrounding song corrects their moral assessment by saying his wounds concern their transgressions and that he suffers for the people's wrongdoing. Zechariah 13:7 voices a command to strike the shepherd so that the sheep scatter, a verse Jesus applies to his disciples' scattering in Matthew 26:31 and Mark 14:27. These passages support a redemptive and representative reading of the servant and shepherd, but the lexical verb alone does not settle every question about divine and human agency or every model of atonement.
Sense to strike, beat, smite
Definition To strike or beat.
References Jeremiah 37:15
Lexicon to strike, beat, smite
Why it matters Jeremiah suffers physical abuse for a false charge.
Sense house of imprisonment, prison
Definition A place of confinement or imprisonment.
References Jeremiah 37:15, 18
Lexicon house of imprisonment, prison
Why it matters Jonathan's house becomes a prison where Jeremiah is confined for many days.
Sense house of the pit, dungeon
Definition A pit-like dungeon or prison chamber.
References Jeremiah 37:16, 20
Lexicon house of the pit, dungeon
Why it matters Jeremiah's imprisonment is harsh enough that he fears death if returned there.
Sense cells, vaulted rooms, chambers
Definition Prison chambers or vaulted cells.
References Jeremiah 37:16
Lexicon cells, vaulted rooms, chambers
Why it matters The detail emphasizes the severity and duration of Jeremiah's confinement.
Sense in secret, hidden place
Definition In secrecy or concealment.
References Jeremiah 37:17
Lexicon in secret, hidden place
Why it matters Zedekiah's secret consultation reveals fear and lack of public obedience.
Pastoral Entry
נָתַן (nātan) is one of the Hebrew Bible's most frequent verbs, commonly meaning to give but also to put, set, appoint, assign, or hand over. Genesis 1:17 says God set the lights in the expanse, Genesis 3:6 says the woman gave fruit to her husband, and Genesis 18:7 says Abraham gave a calf to a servant for preparation. These ordinary uses show why no theological conclusion follows from the verb alone; giver, gift, recipient, purpose, and result must all be identified.
Divine giving becomes central in covenant promises. In Genesis 12:7 God promises to give Abram's offspring the land, and Genesis 15:18 places that gift within covenant. Deuteronomy 6:10 recalls the land sworn to the ancestors. Yet gift does not mean unrestricted possession or moral entitlement: the surrounding covenant includes worship, obedience, justice, memory, and judgment. Second Samuel 12:8 recounts what God gave David precisely while exposing David's abuse of power and taking of what was not his.
Other passages broaden divine giving. Solomon asks for a discerning heart in 1 Kings 3:9. Isaiah 9:6 announces a child given to the people. Jeremiah 29:11 speaks of giving an exiled community a future and hope within a letter that also names a long wait in Babylon. Ezekiel 36:26 promises a new heart and spirit within Israel's restoration. These gifts can inform Christian hope, but none turns nātan into a promise that every desire, possession, office, or favorable outcome has been individually guaranteed by God.
Form in passage Niphal · Imperfect · 2nd Person · Masculine · Singular What is this?
Sense to give, hand over, deliver
Definition To give or deliver into another's hand.
References Jeremiah 37:17
Lexicon to give, hand over, deliver
Why it matters Jeremiah tells Zedekiah he will be handed over to Babylon, the same fixed judgment word.
Cross-language bridge 1 link · View in lexicon
Pastoral Entry
נָבִיא (navi) is the Hebrew noun for a prophet, one who speaks or acts in a prophetic role. Genesis 20:7 calls Abraham a prophet in connection with intercession, Exodus 7:1 describes Aaron as Moses' prophet or spokesperson before Pharaoh, and the historical and prophetic books use the title for individuals and groups. The label alone does not prove that a message is true, since Scripture also calls some speakers false prophets or records contested claims.
Moses becomes the central prophetic pattern. Numbers 12 distinguishes his unusually direct relationship with the Lord, Deuteronomy 18 promises a prophet like Moses and supplies tests for presumptuous speech, and Deuteronomy 34 says no prophet had arisen in Israel like Moses in the stated respects. These texts join revelation, covenant mediation, signs, obedience, and accountability rather than reducing prophecy to prediction.
Amos 7:14-15 denies an inherited or professional prophetic identity before recounting that the Lord took him from tending the flock and sent him to prophesy to Israel. Whatever grammatical nuance is adopted for his denial, the passage clearly grounds his mission in the Lord's call. The New Testament applies the prophet-like-Moses promise to Jesus, giving Christian interpretation a direct canonical trajectory without making every prophet an identical precursor.
Sense prophets, spokesmen
Definition Prophets or speakers claiming divine message.
References Jeremiah 37:19
Lexicon prophets, spokesmen
Why it matters Jeremiah exposes the false prophets who said Babylon would not attack.
Sense court of the guard, guarded courtyard
Definition A guarded courtyard used for confinement.
References Jeremiah 37:21
Lexicon court of the guard, guarded courtyard
Why it matters Jeremiah is moved there as a limited act of protection from a harsher prison.
Pastoral Entry
לֶחֶם (lechem) is the ordinary Hebrew noun for bread and can extend to food or sustenance more generally. Most occurrences are concrete and should remain concrete. Genesis 3:19 speaks of eating bread through toil, household and hospitality scenes distribute food, priestly texts regulate holy bread, and wisdom texts can use bread figuratively for what a person consumes or pursues. The noun itself does not automatically mean divine provision, Scripture, or salvation.
Exodus 16 calls the manna bread from heaven. Its collection rules teach Israel to depend on the Lord and obey his instruction: ordinary daily gathering is limited, a double portion is gathered before the Sabbath, and a memorial portion is preserved at the Lord's command. The episode therefore teaches dependence without supporting an absolute claim that manna could never be stored.
Deuteronomy 8:3 explains that the wilderness hunger and manna taught Israel that human life does not depend on bread alone but on everything proceeding from the Lord's mouth. Jesus explicitly quotes this verse in the temptation narrative. That citation creates a direct canonical connection, but it does not make lechem a lexical synonym for God's word in every passage.
Isaiah 55:2 asks why people spend for what is not bread and does not satisfy, and Amos 8:11 announces a famine not of bread but of hearing the Lord's words. Both use physical hunger to clarify a deeper deprivation or invitation. John 6 later develops bread-from-heaven imagery around Jesus. These are passage-level canonical relationships, not secret meanings carried by every occurrence of the Hebrew noun.
Sense bread, food
Definition Bread or food, the staple provision.
References Jeremiah 37:21
Lexicon bread, food
Why it matters Jeremiah receives daily bread until the city's bread is gone, indicating both preservation and siege scarcity.
Lexicon data: MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML (CC0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon (CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible Data (CC BY 4.0) · Full details
| v.1 | H4427מָלַךְHiphil · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.10 | H5221נָכָהHiphil · Perfect · IndicativeH1856דָּקַרPual · Participle passiveH6965קוּםQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
| v.13 | H5307נָפַלQal · Participle |
| v.14 | H5307נָפַלQal · ParticipleH8085שָׁמַעQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.15 | H6213עָשָׂהQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.16 | H935בּוֹאQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.17 | H5414נָתַןNiphal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
| v.18 | H2398חָטָאQal · Perfect · IndicativeH5414נָתַןQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.19 | H5012נָבָאNiphal · Perfect · IndicativeH935בּוֹאQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
| v.2 | H8085שָׁמַעQal · Perfect · IndicativeH1696דָבַרPiel · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.20 | H8085שָׁמַעQal · Imperative · ImperativeH5307נָפַלQal · Imperfect · JussiveH4191מוּתQal · Imperfect · Indicative/cohortative |
| v.21 | H8552תָּמַםQal · Infinitive construct |
| v.3 | H6419פָּלַלHithpael · Imperative · Imperative |
| v.4 | H935בּוֹאQal · ParticipleH5414נָתַןQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.5 | H3318יָצָאQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.7 | H559אָמַרQal · Perfect · IndicativeH559אָמַרQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussiveH7725שׁוּבQal · Perfect · Indicative |
| v.9 | H559אָמַרQal · Perfect · IndicativeH5377נָשָׁאHiphil · Imperfect · JussiveH1980הָלַךְQal · Infinitive absoluteH3212יָלַךְQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussiveH3212יָלַךְQal · Imperfect · Indicative/jussive |
Aspect in Hebrew is grammatical form, not tense. Perfect = completed action; Imperfect = incomplete/ongoing. Stem modifies action type (Qal=simple, Niphal=passive, Piel=intensive).
Morphology: OSHB WLC (Open Scriptures, CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible TEHMC (Tyndale House, CC BY 4.0)
Theological Argument
Jeremiah 37 argues that seeking prayer while refusing God's word is not faithfulness. Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's intercession and private guidance, but he does not listen to the Lord's public message. The temporary withdrawal of Babylon because of Egypt becomes an occasion for self-deception, but the Lord's word remains unchanged: Babylon will return and burn the city.
Jeremiah's suffering demonstrates the cost of faithful proclamation in a fearful society. He is accused of treason not because he is disloyal but because he has spoken the truth Judah does not want to hear. The chapter teaches that circumstances can briefly appear to contradict God's word, but the word of the Lord interprets circumstances, not the reverse.
From refusal to listen, to prayer request, to judgment certainty, to false accusation, to secret inquiry, to limited preservation.
- 1.The fundamental problem is refusal to listen.
- 2.Prayer without obedience is spiritually incoherent.
- 3.Political circumstances cannot overturn divine judgment.
- 4.Self-deception feeds false security.
- 5.The LORD's word is certain beyond military probability.
- 6.Faithful prophets may be treated as enemies by the people they serve.
- 7.Secret inquiry cannot replace public obedience.
- 8.False prophecy collapses under history.
Theological Focus
- Refusal to Listen
- Prayer Without Obedience
- False Security
- Certainty of the Lord's Word
- Self Deception
- Prophetic Suffering
- Failure of False Prophets
- Secret Fearful Leadership
- Divine Preservation
- Authority of God's Word
- Human Hardness
- Prayer and Obedience
- Providence
- Judgment
- False Prophecy
- Christ the Faithful Prophet
Covenant Significance
Jeremiah 37 shows covenant failure as refusal to listen to the Lord. The king seeks prayer but not covenant obedience. The people trust political movement rather than the covenant word. The chapter stands in contrast to the New Covenant promises of Jeremiah 31-33, showing the need for hearts that hear, fear, and obey the Lord.
- The chapter begins by stating that king, officials, and people did not listen to the Lord's words.
- Intercession is requested, but without submission it becomes hollow.
- The Lord warns Judah not to deceive itself about Babylon's withdrawal.
- Jerusalem will be captured and burned because the Lord's judgment word stands.
- Jeremiah's word stands against prophets who promised Babylon would not attack.
- Zedekiah's secret fear and refusal to obey reveal the need for New Covenant transformation.
Canonical Connections
Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's prayers and private counsel, but because he refuses the Lord's word, Babylon's temporary withdrawal cannot save Jerusalem from the judgment God has spoken.
Canon-Wide Connections
Cross-reference data: OpenBible.info (CC BY 4.0)
Jeremiah 37 clarifies the gospel by exposing the insufficiency of religious request without surrendered faith. Zedekiah asks for prayer but refuses the word. He wants help from God without submission to God. This is a perennial human condition. The gospel does not offer Christ as a religious accessory to preserve our preferred outcomes. It calls sinners to repent, believe, and bow to the true King.
Christ is the faithful Prophet greater than Jeremiah, falsely accused and rejected, yet through his death and resurrection he provides forgiveness and gives the Spirit so that God's people no longer merely request help while resisting his word.
Primary Emphasis
Jeremiah 37 contributes to Christ-centered theology by portraying the faithful prophet falsely accused, rejected, and imprisoned while declaring the true word of God. Jeremiah is not Christ, but his suffering anticipates the pattern of righteous prophetic witness opposed by fearful authorities. Jesus, the true and final Prophet, also spoke the word of God faithfully, was accused falsely, rejected by leaders, and handed over under political pressure.
Unlike Zedekiah, who sought private counsel without obedience, Christ perfectly hears and obeys the Father. Through Christ, God's people receive not merely warning but the New Covenant heart able to hear, trust, and obey.
Chapter Contribution
Jeremiah 37 argues that seeking prayer while refusing God's word is not faithfulness. Zedekiah wants Jeremiah's intercession and private guidance, but he does not listen to the Lord's public message. The temporary withdrawal of Babylon because of Egypt becomes an occasion for self-deception, but the Lord's word remains unchanged: Babylon will return and burn the city.
Jeremiah's suffering demonstrates the cost of faithful proclamation in a fearful society. He is accused of treason not because he is disloyal but because he has spoken the truth Judah does not want to hear. The chapter teaches that circumstances can briefly appear to contradict God's word, but the word of the Lord interprets circumstances, not the reverse.
Trace servant identity, obedient mission, and suffering service across Scripture.
When God pronounces judgment, human efforts cannot prevent its fulfillment.
God directs the movements of nations and armies to accomplish His purposes.
Political events such as military movements occur within the sovereign purposes of God.
God’s servants must proclaim His truth faithfully even when doing so places them in danger.
Political leaders remain accountable to the authority of God’s revealed word.
People often misinterpret circumstances in ways that support their desires rather than God’s revealed word.
Sinful leaders may persecute God’s servants despite their innocence.
People may seek God’s help in times of crisis while continuing to reject His authority.
True prophets proclaim God’s message without compromise or fear.
Prophets serve as intermediaries through whom God communicates His will to His people.
The suffering of God’s prophets is part of the broader biblical pattern of faithful endurance.
The Lord's word through Jeremiah remains true despite Babylon's temporary withdrawal.
Zedekiah, his attendants, and the people refuse to listen while still seeking religious help.
Prayer requests without submission to the Lord's word are exposed as spiritually hollow.
Egypt's movement and Babylon's withdrawal are subordinate to the Lord's declared purpose.
Jerusalem will be captured and burned by Babylon according to the Lord's word.
False prophets who deny Babylonian judgment are exposed by the fulfillment of the Lord's word.
Jeremiah suffers false accusation, beating, and imprisonment for faithful ministry.
Jeremiah's faithful witness under false accusation contributes canonically to the pattern fulfilled perfectly in Christ.
Theological exposition and fulfillment
- Jeremiah 37 forms honest prayer, obedient listening, resistance to self-deception, courage under false accusation, and trust in God's word over temporary appearances.
Jeremiah 37 forms honest prayer, obedient listening, resistance to self-deception, courage under false accusation, and trust in God's word over temporary appearances.
- Obedient prayer - Ask for prayer with a heart ready to hear and obey God's word.
- Circumstance discernment - Do not let temporary relief override revealed truth.
- Anti-deception vigilance - Regularly ask where you may be interpreting events to avoid repentance.
- Truth consistency - Speak and receive the same truth privately and publicly.
- Faithful endurance - Endure misunderstanding and accusation without abandoning the Lord's word.
- False counsel audit - Compare comforting counsel with Scripture and with historical fruit.
- Christ-shaped courage - Look to Christ, who bore false accusation and obeyed openly.
- Jeremiah 37 warns against prayer without obedience, political optimism that contradicts God's word, secret religiosity, self-deception, and punishing faithful truth-tellers.
- Do not ask for prayer while refusing the word.
- Do not interpret temporary relief as divine approval.
- Do not deceive yourself with favorable circumstances.
- Do not treat God's faithful messengers as enemies.
- Do not seek private words from God while refusing public obedience.
- Do not trust prophets whose words collapse under God's revealed truth.
- Do not confuse limited mercy with escape from judgment.
- Zedekiah's request for prayer shows that he was repentant. - The chapter explicitly says Zedekiah, his attendants, and the people did not pay attention to the Lord's words.
- Babylon's withdrawal proves Jeremiah's prophecy failed. - Jeremiah declares that the withdrawal is temporary and Babylon will return to burn the city.
- Egypt's intervention is a sign of deliverance. - The Lord says Pharaoh's army will return to Egypt and will not save Jerusalem.
- Jeremiah was arrested because he was actually collaborating with Babylon. - Jeremiah denies the charge as false. He was going to Benjamin concerning property or his share among the people.
- Zedekiah's secret consultation is admirable spiritual hunger. - It shows fear and curiosity without obedient courage.
- Jeremiah's message changes in private. - He gives Zedekiah the same essential word: he will be handed over to Babylon.
- False prophets can be ignored as harmless. - Jeremiah exposes their failure because their words fostered deadly false security.
- Where am I asking God for help while refusing something he has already made clear?
- What temporary relief am I interpreting as proof that I do not need to repent?
- What is my Egypt, the earthly hope I trust when God's word feels too hard?
- Do I seek private spiritual reassurance because I lack courage to obey publicly?
- How do I treat those who tell me hard truth from God's word?
- Where have false promises failed, and what did God's word say all along?
- How does Christ's faithful witness under false accusation strengthen me to stand in truth?
- Preach Jeremiah 37 as a warning against prayer requests that avoid obedience. The issue is not whether Zedekiah knows how to use religious language, but whether he listens to the Lord.
- Use this chapter with those who seek spiritual comfort while refusing clear biblical obedience. Gentle but direct diagnosis is needed: prayer is not a substitute for surrender.
- Zedekiah is a case study in fearful leadership. He wants private truth but lacks public obedience, creating ruin for himself and the people.
- Teach believers to beware temporary circumstances that appear to disprove God's warning. Relief is not always repentance, and delay is not always deliverance.
- Jeremiah models consistency. He says the same hard word to the king privately that he has spoken publicly.
- The chapter helps shepherd those falsely accused for faithfulness, especially when their truth is misrepresented as disloyalty.
- Jeremiah's question, 'Where are your prophets?' is useful for exposing counsel that sounded comforting but contradicted the Lord.
C.F. Keil & F. Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–91) — public domain
The Biblical World
Chapter At A Glance
The chapter moves from Zedekiah's refusal to listen, to his request for Jeremiah's prayer, to the Lord's warning that Egypt cannot save Jerusalem, to Jeremiah's unjust arrest, to Zedekiah's secret inquiry, and finally to Jeremiah's transfer to the courtyard of the guard.
Jeremiah 37 shows covenant failure as refusal to listen to the Lord. The king seeks prayer but not covenant obedience. The people trust political movement rather than the covenant word. The chapter stands in contrast to the New Covenant promises of Jeremiah 31-33, showing the need for hearts that hear, fear, and obey the Lord.
Jeremiah 37 clarifies the gospel by exposing the insufficiency of religious request without surrendered faith. Zedekiah asks for prayer but refuses the word. He wants help from God without submission to God. This is a perennial human condition. The gospel does not offer Christ as a religious accessory to preserve our preferred outcomes. It calls sinners to repent, believe, and bow to the true King.
Christ is the faithful Prophet greater than Jeremiah, falsely accused and rejected, yet through his death and resurrection he provides forgiveness and gives the Spirit so that God's people no longer merely request help while resisting his word.
Focus Points
- Refusal to Listen
- Prayer Without Obedience
- False Security
- Certainty of the Lord's Word
- Self-Deception
- Prophetic Suffering
- Failure of False Prophets
- Secret Fearful Leadership
- Divine Preservation
- Authority of God's Word
- Human Hardness
- Prayer and Obedience
- Providence
- Judgment
- False Prophecy
- Christ the Faithful Prophet
Passages
Chapter opening: Jeremiah 37:1-5
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:6-10 Then came the word of the Lord to this effect: Jer 37:7. "Thus saith Jahveh, the God of Israel: Thus shall ye say to the king of Judah who hath sent you to me to ask at me, Behold, the army of Pharaoh, which marched out to your help, will return to Egypt, their own land. Jer 37:8. And the Chaldeans shall return and fight against this city, and take it, and burn it with fire.
Jer 37:9. Thus saith Jahveh: Do not deceive yourselves by thinking, The Chaldeans will quite withdraw from us; for they will not withdraw. Jer 37:10. For, even though he had beaten the whole army of the Chaldeans who are fighting with you, and there remained of them only some who had been pierced through and through, yet they would rise up, every man in his tent, and burn this city with fire."
In order to cut off every hope, the prophet announces that the Egyptians will bring no help, but withdraw to their own land before the Chaldeans who went out to meet them, without having accomplished their object; but then the Chaldeans will return, continue the siege, take the city and burn it. To assure them of this, he adds: "Ye must not deceive yourselves with the vain hope that the Chaldeans may possibly be defeated and driven back by the Egyptians.
The destruction of Jerusalem is so certain that, even supposing you were actually to defeat and repulse the Chaldeans, and only some few grievously wounded ones remained in the tents, these would rise up and burn the city." In הלוך ילכוּ the inf. abs. is to be observed, as strengthening the idea contained in the verb: "to depart wholly or completely;" הלך is here to "depart, withdraw."
אנשׁים in contrast with חיל are separate individuals. מדקּר, pierced through by sword or lance, i. e. , grievously, mortally wounded.
Jer 37:11-12 The imprisonment of Jeremiah. - During the time when the Chaldeans, on account of the advancing army of pharaoh, had withdrawn from Jerusalem and raised the siege, "Jeremiah went out of the city to go to the land of Benjamin, in order to bring thence his portion among the people." והיה, in accordance with later usage, for ויהי, as in Jer 3:9; cf.
Ewald, §345, b . לחלק is explained in various ways. לחלק for להחליק can scarcely have any other meaning than to share, receive a share; and in connection with משּׁם, "to receive a portion thence," not, to receive an inheritance ( Syr. , Chald. , Vulg. ), for משּׁם does not suit this meaning. The lxx render τοῦ ἀγοράσαι ἐκεῖθεν, which Theodoret explains by πρίασθαι ἄρτους.
All other explanations have still less in their favour. We must connect בּתוך העם with 'ללכת וגו, since it is unsuitable for לחלק משּׁם.
Jer 37:11-12 The imprisonment of Jeremiah. - During the time when the Chaldeans, on account of the advancing army of pharaoh, had withdrawn from Jerusalem and raised the siege, "Jeremiah went out of the city to go to the land of Benjamin, in order to bring thence his portion among the people." והיה, in accordance with later usage, for ויהי, as in Jer 3:9; cf.
Ewald, §345, b . לחלק is explained in various ways. לחלק for להחליק can scarcely have any other meaning than to share, receive a share; and in connection with משּׁם, "to receive a portion thence," not, to receive an inheritance ( Syr. , Chald. , Vulg. ), for משּׁם does not suit this meaning. The lxx render τοῦ ἀγοράσαι ἐκεῖθεν, which Theodoret explains by πρίασθαι ἄρτους.
All other explanations have still less in their favour. We must connect בּתוך העם with 'ללכת וגו, since it is unsuitable for לחלק משּׁם.
Jer 37:13 When he was entering the gate of Benjamin, where Jeriah the son of Shelemiah kept watch, the latter seized him, saying, "Thou desirest to go over to the Chaldeans" (נפל אל־, see on Jer 21:9). The gate of Benjamin (Jer 38:7; Jer 14:10) was the north gate of the city, through which ran the road to Benjamin and Ephraim; hence it was also called the gate of Ephraim, 2Ki 14:13; Neh 8:16.
בּעל, "holder of the oversight," he who kept the watch, or commander of the watch at the gate. "The accusation was founded on the well-known views and opinions of Jeremiah (Jer 21:9); but it was mere sophistry, for the simple reason that the Chaldeans were no longer lying before the city" (Hitzig).
Jer 37:14-15 Jeremiah replied: "A lie [= not true; cf. 2Ki 9:12] ; I am not going over to the Chaldeans. But he gave no heed to him; so Jeriah seized Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes. Jer 37:15. And the princes were angry against Jeremiah, and smote him, and put him in prison, in the house of Jonathan the scribe; for they had made it the prison," - probably because it contained apartments suitable for the purpose.
From Jer 37:16 we perceive that they were subterranean prisons and vaults into which the prisoners were thrust; and from v. 28 and Jer 38:26, it is clear that Jeremiah was in a confinement much more severe and dangerous to his life. There he sat many days, i. e. , a pretty long time.
Jer 37:14-15 Jeremiah replied: "A lie [= not true; cf. 2Ki 9:12] ; I am not going over to the Chaldeans. But he gave no heed to him; so Jeriah seized Jeremiah, and brought him to the princes. Jer 37:15. And the princes were angry against Jeremiah, and smote him, and put him in prison, in the house of Jonathan the scribe; for they had made it the prison," - probably because it contained apartments suitable for the purpose.
From Jer 37:16 we perceive that they were subterranean prisons and vaults into which the prisoners were thrust; and from v. 28 and Jer 38:26, it is clear that Jeremiah was in a confinement much more severe and dangerous to his life. There he sat many days, i. e. , a pretty long time.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 37:16-21 Examination of the prophet by the king, and alleviation of his confinement. - Jer 37:16. "When Jeremiah had got into the dungeon and into the vaults, and had sat there many days, then Zedekiah the king sent and fetched him, and questioned him in his own house (palace) secretly," etc. Jer 37:16 is by most interpreters joined with the foregoing, but the words כּי בּא do not properly permit of this.
For if we take the verse as a further confirmation of ויּקצפוּ השׂרים, "the princes vented their wrath on Jeremiah, beat him," etc. , "for Jeremiah came... ," then it must be acknowledged that the account would be very long and lumbering. כּי בּא is too widely separated from יקצפוּ. But the passages, 1Sa 2:21, where כּי פּקד is supposed to stand for ויּפקד, and Isa 39:1, where ויּשׁמע is thought to have arisen out of כּי, 2Ki 20:12, are not very strong proofs, since there, as here, no error in writing is marked.
The Vulgate has itaque ingressus ; many therefore would change כּי into כּן; but this also is quite arbitrary. Accordingly, with Rosenmüller, we connect Jer 37:16 with the following, and take כּי as a temporal particle; in this, the most we miss is ו copulative, or ויהי. In the preceding sentence the prison of the prophet is somewhat minutely described, in order to prepare us for the request that follows in Jer 37:20.
Jeremiah was in a בּית־בּור, "house of a pit," cf. Exo 12:29, i. e. , a subterranean prison, and in החניּות. This word only occurs here; but in the kindred dialects it means vaults, stalls, shops; hence it possibly signifies here subterranean prison-cells, so that אל־החניּות more exactly determines what בּית־הבּור is. This meaning of the word is, at any rate, more certain than that given by Eb.
Scheid in Rosenmüller, who renders חניות by flexa , curvata ; then, supplying ligna , he thinks of the stocks to which the prisoners were fastened. - The king questioned him בּסּתר, "in secret," namely, through fear of his ministers and court-officers, who were prejudiced against the prophet, perhaps also in the hope of receiving in a private interview a message from God of more favourable import.
To the question of the king, "Is there any word from Jahveh?" Jeremiah replies in the affirmative; but the word of God is this, "Thou shalt be given into the hand of the king of Babylon," just as Jeremiah had previously announced to him; cf. Jer 32:4; Jer 34:3. - Jeremiah took this opportunity of complaining about his imprisonment, saying, Jer 37:18, "In what have I sinned against thee, or against thy servants, or against this people, that ye have put me in prison?
Jer 37:19. And where are your prophets, who prophesied to you, The king of Babylon shall not come against you, nor against this land?" Jeremiah appeals to his perfect innocence (Jer 37:18), and to the confirmation of his prediction by its event. The interview with the king took place when the Chaldeans, after driving the Egyptians out of the country, had recommenced the siege of Jerusalem, and, as is evident from Jer 37:21, were pressing the city very hard.
The Kethib איו is to be read איּו, formed from איּה with the suffix וׁ; the idea of the suffix has gradually become obscured, so that it stands here before a noun in the plural. The Qeri requires איּה. The question, Where are your prophets? means, Let these prophets come forward and vindicate their lying prophecies. Not what these men had prophesied, but what Jeremiah had declared had come to pass; his imprisonment, accordingly, was unjust.
- Besides thus appealing to his innocence, Jeremiah, Jer 37:20, entreats the king, "Let my supplication come before thee, and do not send me back into the house of Jonathan the scribe, that I may not die there." For 'תּפּל־נא ת see on Jer 36:7. The king granted this request. "He commanded, and they put Jeremiah into the court of the watch [of the royal palace, see on Jer 32:2], and gave him a loaf of bread daily out of the bakers’ street, till all the bread in the city was consumed;" cf.
Jer 52:6. The king did not give him his liberty, because Jeremiah held to his views, that were so distasteful to the king (see on Jer 32:3). "So Jeremiah remained in the court of the guard." In this chapter two events are mentioned which took place in the last period of the siege of Jerusalem, shortly before the capture of the city by the Chaldeans. According to Jer 38:4, the number of fighting men had now very much decreased; and according to Jer 38:19, the number of deserters to the Chaldeans had become large.
Moreover, according to Jer 38:9, famine had already begun to prevail; this hastened the fall of the city.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.
Jer 38:1-4 Jeremiah is cast into a miry pit, but drawn out again by Ebedmelech the Cushite. Jer 38:1-6. Being confined in the court of the guard attached to the royal palace, Jeremiah had opportunities of conversing with the soldiers stationed there and the people of Judah who came thither (cf. Jer 38:1 with Jer 32:8, Jer 32:12), and of declaring, in opposition to them, his conviction (which he had indeed expressed from the beginning of the siege) that all resistance to the Chaldeans would be fruitless, and only bring destruction (cf.
Jer 21:9.) On this account, the princes who were of a hostile disposition towards him were so embittered, that they resolved on his death, and obtain from the king permission to cast him into a deep pit with mire at the bottom. In v. 1 four of these princes are named, two of whom, Jucal the son of Shelemiah, and Pashur the son of Malchiah, are known, from Jer 37:3 and Jer 21:1, as confidants of the king; the other two, Shephatiah the son of Mattan, and Gedaliah the son of Pashur, are not mentioned elsewhere.
Gedaliah was probably a son of the Pashur who had once put Jeremiah in the stocks (Jer 20:1-2). The words of the prophet, Jer 38:2, Jer 38:3, are substantially the same as he had already uttered at the beginning of the siege, Jer 21:9 (יחיה as in Jer 21:9). Jer 38:4. The princes said to the king, "Let this man, we beseech thee, be put to death for the construction, see on Jer 35:14; for therefore i.
e. , because no one puts him out of existence - על־כּן as in Jer 29:28 he weakens the hands of the men of war who remain in this city, and the hands of all the people, by speaking words like these to them; for this man does not seek the welfare of this people, but their ill." מרפּא for מרפּא, to cause the hands of any one to be relaxed, i. e. , to make him dispirited; cf.
Ezr 4:4; Isa 35:3. דּרשׁ with ל htiw , as Job 10:6; Deu 12:30; 1Ch 22:19, etc. , elsewhere with the accusatival את; cf. Jer 29:7 et passim . On this point cf. Jer 29:7. The allegation which the princes made against Jeremiah was possibly correct. The constancy with which Jeremiah declared that resistance was useless, since, in accordance with the divine decree, Jerusalem was to be taken and burnt by the Chaldeans, could not but make the soldiers and the people unwilling any longer to sacrifice their lives in defending the city.
Nevertheless the complaint was unjust, because Jeremiah was not expressing his own personal opinion, but was declaring the word of the Lord, and that, too, not from any want of patriotism or through personal cowardice, but in the conviction, derived from the divine revelation, that it was only by voluntary submission that the fate of the besieged could be mitigated; hence he acted from a deep feeling of love to the people, and in order to avert complete destruction from them. The courage of the people which he sought to weaken was not a heroic courage founded on genuine trust in God, but carnal obstinacy, which could not but lead to ruin.