קוּם

קוּם (qum) means to rise, arise, stand, remain, establish, confirm, appoint, or raise up. People get up from the ground, begin journeys, stand before others, rise in opposition, or help someone to stand. Cain rises against Abel in Genesis 4:8, elders are honored when others rise in Leviticus 19:32, and Deuteronomy 22:4 requires help for a fallen animal. The verb reports movement or standing without making the action righteous.

In causative and legal settings, H6965 can establish or confirm. God establishes covenants with Noah and Abraham, gives power to produce wealth in order to confirm his covenant in Deuteronomy 8:18, and brings his promised word to pass. Deuteronomy 19:15 says a matter is established by adequate witnesses, while Deuteronomy 27:26 warns against failing to uphold the Torah's words. Establishment depends on the responsible agent and evidence; the verb is not a technique for speaking a preferred reality into existence.

Prophets use rising for commissioned leaders, restored ruins, judgment, and selected resurrection hopes. Isaiah 26:19 speaks of the dead rising, Hosea 6:2 uses revival language in a call to return, and Job 19:25 places standing language inside a difficult and much-debated confession. Other passages raise enemies, judges, shepherds, or a righteous Branch. Each object and stem must be read locally. Physical inability to stand is never moral failure, and “rise up” language cannot authorize violence, reckless activism, or contempt for rest and care.

Qum ranges across bodily rising, standing, opposition, assistance, appointment, covenant establishment, legal confirmation, fulfillment, rebuilding, and selected life-from-death texts.