Focused Passage

Joshua 8:18-23

Ai Defeated and the Covenant Renewed at Mount Ebal

After sin is judged, the LORD restores Israel to mission, gives Ai into Joshua’s hand, and leads the nation from military victory to covenant renewal under the written Law.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

18Then the LORD said to Joshua, “Hold out your battle lance toward Ai, for into your hand I will deliver the city.” So Joshua held out his battle lance toward Ai,

19and as soon as he did so, the men in ambush rose quickly from their position. They rushed forward, entered the city, captured it, and immediately set it on fire.

20When the men of Ai turned and looked back, the smoke of the city was rising into the sky. They could not escape in any direction, and the troops who had fled to the wilderness now turned against their pursuers.

21When Joshua and all Israel saw that the men in ambush had captured the city and that smoke was rising from it, they turned around and struck down the men of Ai.

22Meanwhile, those in the ambush came out of the city against them, and the men of Ai were trapped between the Israelite forces on both sides. So Israel struck them down until no survivor or fugitive remained.

23But they took the king of Ai alive and brought him to Joshua.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 18

Original words

Then the LORDיְהוָ֜הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיֹּ֨אמֶרH559Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionJoshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַH3091Noun - proper - masculine singularHold outנְ֠טֵהH5186Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine singularyour battle lanceבַּכִּיד֤וֹןH3591Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relative-בְּיָֽדְךָ֙H3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singulartowardאֶל־H413PrepositionAiהָעַ֔יH5857Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularforכִּ֥יH3588Conjunctioninto your handבְיָדְךָ֖H3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | second person masculine singularI will deliver [the city]אֶתְּנֶ֑נָּהH5414Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular | third person feminine singularSo Joshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַH3091Noun - proper - masculine singularheld outוַיֵּ֧טH5186Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularhis battle lanceבַּכִּיד֥וֹןH3591Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relative-בְּיָד֖וֹH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singulartowardאֶל־H413Preposition[Ai]הָעִֽיר׃H5892Article | Noun - feminine singular

BSB notes

  • Or javelin; twice in this verse, and also in verse 26
Verse 19

Original words

and as soon as he did soכִּנְט֣וֹתH5186Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct. . .יָד֔וֹH3027Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularthe men in ambushוְהָאוֹרֵ֡בH693Conjunctive waw, Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularroseקָם֩H6965Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularquicklyמְהֵרָ֨הH4120Adverbfrom their positionמִמְּקוֹמ֤וֹH4725Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularThey rushed forwardוַיָּר֙וּצוּ֙H7323Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralenteredוַיָּבֹ֥אוּH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralthe cityהָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularcaptured itוַֽיִּלְכְּד֑וּהָH3920Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural | third person feminine singularand immediatelyוַֽיְמַהֲר֔וּH4116Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralset itהָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularon fireוַיַּצִּ֥יתוּH3341Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object marker-בָּאֵֽשׁ׃H784Preposition-b, Article | Noun - common singular
Verse 20

Original words

When the menאַנְשֵׁי֩H582Noun - masculine plural constructof Aiהָעַ֨יH5857Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularturnedוַיִּפְנ֣וּH6437Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraland lookedוַיִּרְא֗וּH7200Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural. . .וְהִנֵּ֨הH2009Conjunctive waw | Interjectionbackאַחֲרֵיהֶ֜םH310Preposition | third person masculine pluralthe smokeעֲשַׁ֤ןH6227Noun - masculine singular constructof the cityהָעִיר֙H5892Article | Noun - feminine singularwas risingעָלָ֜הH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularinto the skyהַשָּׁמַ֔יְמָהH8064Article | Noun - masculine plural | third person feminine singularThey could notוְלֹא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle. . .הָיָ֨הH1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular. . .בָהֶ֥םPreposition | third person masculine plural. . .יָדַ֛יִםH3027Noun - fdescapeלָנ֖וּסH5127Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructin any directionהֵ֣נָּהH2008Adverb. . .וָהֵ֑נָּהH2008Conjunctive waw | Adverband the troopsוְהָעָם֙H5971Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - masculine singularwho had fledהַנָּ֣סH5127Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularto the wildernessהַמִּדְבָּ֔רH4057Article | Noun - masculine singularnow turnedנֶהְפַּ֖ךְH2015Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singularagainstאֶל־H413Prepositiontheir pursuersהָרוֹדֵֽף׃H7291Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Verse 21

Original words

When Joshuaוִיהוֹשֻׁ֨עַH3091Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singularand allוְכָֽל־H3605Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֜לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularsawרָא֗וּH7200Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralthatכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthe men in ambushהָֽאֹרֵב֙H693Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhad capturedלָכַ֤דH3920Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularthe cityהָעִ֔ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularand thatוְכִ֥יH3588Conjunctionsmokeעֲשַׁ֣ןH6227Noun - masculine singular constructwas rising fromעָלָ֖הH5927Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular[it]הָעִ֑ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularthey turned aroundוַיָּשֻׁ֕בוּH7725Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraland struck downוַיַּכּ֖וּH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe menאַנְשֵׁ֥יH582Noun - masculine plural constructof Aiהָעָֽי׃H5857Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Verse 22

Original words

Meanwhile, those in the ambushוְאֵ֨לֶּהH428Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common pluralcame outיָצְא֤וּH3318Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralofמִן־H4480Prepositionthe cityהָעִיר֙H5892Article | Noun - feminine singularagainst themלִקְרָאתָ֔םH7122Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine pluraland the men of Ai wereוַיִּֽהְי֤וּH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraltrapped betweenבַּתָּ֔וֶךְH8432Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularthe Israeliteלְיִשְׂרָאֵל֙H3478Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singularforcesאֵ֥לֶּהH428Pronoun - common pluralonמִזֶּ֖הH2088Preposition-m | Pronoun - masculine singularboth sidesוְאֵ֣לֶּהH428Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - common plural. . .מִזֶּ֑הH2088Preposition-m | Pronoun - masculine singularSo [Israel] struck them downוַיַּכּ֣וּH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אוֹתָ֔םH853Direct object marker | third person masculine pluraluntilעַד־H5704Prepositionnoבִּלְתִּ֥יH1115Prepositionsurvivorשָׂרִ֥ידH8300Noun - masculine singularor fugitiveוּפָלִֽיט׃H6412Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singularremainedהִשְׁאִֽיר־H7604Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Verse 23

Original words

Butוְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerthey tookתָּ֣פְשׂוּH8610Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralthe kingמֶ֥לֶךְH4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Aiהָעַ֖יH5857Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularaliveחָ֑יH2416Adjective - masculine singularand broughtוַיַּקְרִ֥בוּH7126Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralhimאֹת֖וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionJoshuaיְהוֹשֻֽׁעַ׃H3091Noun - proper - masculine singular

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