After the corruption of Shechem, God calls Jacob’s house to purification and renewed worship at Bethel, reaffirms the covenant to Israel, and carries the promise forward through sorrow, death, and unresolved household sin.
God Calls Jacob Back to Bethel, Purifies His House, Renews the Covenant, and Marks the Passing of a Generation
After the corruption of Shechem, God calls Jacob’s house to purification and renewed worship at Bethel, reaffirms the covenant to Israel, and carries the promise forward through sorrow, death, and unresolved household sin.
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After the corruption of Shechem, God calls Jacob’s house to purification and renewed worship at Bethel, reaffirms the covenant to Israel, and carries the promise forward through sorrow, death, and unresolved household sin.
Genesis 35 teaches that God’s covenant faithfulness includes not only promise and preservation, but also purification, renewed revelation, and the ordering of His people under holy worship. The chapter opens with divine initiative. God calls Jacob back to Bethel, the place of prior revelation, showing that renewal begins not with human recovery plans but with God’s summons.
Jacob’s response is striking because it is one of the clearest moments of household leadership in His story. He commands the removal of foreign gods, purification, and changed garments. This reveals that the covenant family had indeed been spiritually compromised, validating the dark implications of Genesis 34 and Rachel’s hidden teraphim in Genesis 31. The burial of the foreign gods under the oak signifies decisive renunciation.
The terror of God on the surrounding cities then shows that divine protection accompanies covenant purification. At Bethel, the Lord appears again and renews the promise. The reaffirmation of the name Israel is especially important. Jacob had received this name in the night of wrestling, but here God publicly confirms it in the context of covenant blessing, nationhood, kingship, and land.
This chapter therefore links personal transformation to covenant destiny. Yet renewal does not remove sorrow. Deborah dies. Rachel dies while giving birth to Benjamin. Reuben commits a grave sexual offense against His father’s house. Isaac dies. The covenant line is therefore reaffirmed in the midst of grief, dishonor, and transition. The chapter refuses any simplistic notion that renewal means immediate ease.
Instead, it teaches that God’s promise moves forward through a purified yet still imperfect household. Thus Genesis 35 argues that covenant life requires the putting away of idols, that God renews His people at the place of worship, and that His promise endures through death, pain, and family instability because it rests on His faithfulness rather than theirs.
Genesis 35 follows the moral darkness of Genesis 34 and functions as a cleansing and renewal chapter in the Jacob narrative. After Dinah’s defilement, the deceitful use of circumcision, the slaughter at Shechem, and Jacob’s fear of retaliation from the peoples of the land, the covenant household stands exposed and polluted. This chapter answers that crisis by returning the family to Bethel, the place where God first appeared to Jacob when He fled from Esau.
Within the flow of Genesis, Genesis 35 is therefore both a reset and a reaffirmation. The Lord does not abandon Jacob’s line because of its corruption, yet neither does He permit the household to continue without purification. The chapter gathers together several major themes: household cleansing, burial of foreign gods, divine protection, covenant reappearance, renaming, altar, death, birth, and succession.
It is one of the densest patriarchal chapters because it ties moral purification, covenant reaffirmation, and family transition into one movement. The deaths of Deborah and then Rachel, together with the notice concerning Reuben, mark this chapter as one of deep change. The old generation is passing, the household is still flawed, but God’s promise stands and the covenant line continues under His word.
God commands Jacob to go up to Bethel, dwell there, and make an altar to the God who appeared to Him when He fled from Esau. Jacob tells His household to put away foreign gods, purify themselves, and change their garments. They give Him their foreign gods and earrings, and He buries them under the oak near Shechem. As they journey, the terror of God falls upon the surrounding cities so that they do not pursue Jacob’s sons.
Jacob comes to Luz, that is Bethel, in the land of Canaan, and builds an altar there, calling the place El-Bethel because God had revealed Himself there. Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, dies and is buried below Bethel under an oak, which is named Allon Bacuth.
God appears again to Jacob after His return from Paddan Aram, blesses Him, reaffirms that His name is Israel, promises that a nation and a company of nations shall come from Him, that kings shall come from His loins, and that the land given to Abraham and Isaac will be given to Him and His offspring. Jacob sets up a pillar where God spoke with Him, pours out a drink offering and oil on it, and calls the place Bethel.
As they journey from Bethel toward Ephrath, Rachel goes into hard labor and gives birth to Benjamin. She dies in childbirth after calling Him Ben-Oni, but Jacob names Him Benjamin. Rachel is buried on the way to Ephrath, that is Bethlehem, and Jacob sets up a pillar over her tomb.
Israel journeys on and pitches His tent beyond Migdal Eder. Reuben goes and lies with Bilhah, His father’s concubine, and Israel hears of it.
The chapter lists the twelve sons of Jacob, grouped by their mothers: Leah, Rachel, Bilhah, and Zilpah.
Jacob comes to Isaac at Mamre near Kiriath Arba, that is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac had sojourned. Isaac dies at a good old age, old and full of days, and Esau and Jacob bury Him.
- 35:1–5: God commands Jacob to go up to Bethel, dwell there, and make an altar to the God who appeared to Him when He fled from Esau. Jacob tells His household to put away foreign gods, purify themselves, and change their garments. They give Him their foreign gods and earrings, and He buries them under the oak near Shechem. As they journey, the terror of God falls upon the surrounding cities so that they do not pursue Jacob’s sons.
- 35:6–8: Jacob comes to Luz, that is Bethel, in the land of Canaan, and builds an altar there, calling the place El-Bethel because God had revealed Himself there. Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, dies and is buried below Bethel under an oak, which is named Allon Bacuth.
- 35:9–15: God appears again to Jacob after His return from Paddan Aram, blesses Him, reaffirms that His name is Israel, promises that a nation and a company of nations shall come from Him, that kings shall come from His loins, and that the land given to Abraham and Isaac will be given to Him and His offspring. Jacob sets up a pillar where God spoke with Him, pours out a drink offering and oil on it, and calls the place Bethel.
- 35:16–20: As they journey from Bethel toward Ephrath, Rachel goes into hard labor and gives birth to Benjamin. She dies in childbirth after calling Him Ben-Oni, but Jacob names Him Benjamin. Rachel is buried on the way to Ephrath, that is Bethlehem, and Jacob sets up a pillar over her tomb.
- 35:21–22: Israel journeys on and pitches His tent beyond Migdal Eder. Reuben goes and lies with Bilhah, His father’s concubine, and Israel hears of it.
- 35:22B–26: The chapter lists the twelve sons of Jacob, grouped by their mothers: Leah, Rachel, Bilhah, and Zilpah.
- 35:27–29: Jacob comes to Isaac at Mamre near Kiriath Arba, that is Hebron, where Abraham and Isaac had sojourned. Isaac dies at a good old age, old and full of days, and Esau and Jacob bury Him.
Theological Focus
- Covenant Renewal
- Purification
- Idolatry Renunciation
- Divine Protection
- Worship
- Promise through Sorrow
- Covenant Identity
- Succession and Transition
- Covenant Theology
- Sanctification
- Idolatry
- Providence
- Kingship Promise
- Biblical Theology
Covenant Significance
Genesis 35 is covenantally decisive because it renews the Bethel encounter and restates the Abrahamic promises directly over Jacob, now explicitly as Israel. The promises of land, offspring, nationhood, and kingship are reaffirmed in a fuller way, strengthening the covenant horizon as the story moves toward the tribal and national future. The chapter also shows that covenant life is incompatible with tolerated idols.
The burial of foreign gods and the altar at Bethel together make clear that renewal requires both renunciation and worship. The listing of Jacob’s twelve sons is also covenantally significant, because the future tribal structure of Israel is now fully present in seed form. Finally, the deaths of Rachel and Isaac frame the chapter as one of covenant continuity across generations.
Canonical Connections
Genesis 35 is covenantally decisive because it renews the Bethel encounter and restates the Abrahamic promises directly over Jacob, now explicitly as Israel. The promises of land, offspring, nationhood, and kingship are reaffirmed in a fuller way, strengthening the covenant horizon as the story moves toward the tribal and national future. The chapter also shows that covenant life is incompatible with tolerated idols.
The burial of foreign gods and the altar at Bethel together make clear that renewal requires both renunciation and worship. The listing of Jacob’s twelve sons is also covenantally significant, because the future tribal structure of Israel is now fully present in seed form. Finally, the deaths of Rachel and Isaac frame the chapter as one of covenant continuity across generations.
Genesis 28:10-22
Genesis 34:1-31
Genesis 49:3-10
Joshua 24:23
1 Chronicles 5:1-2
Genesis 28:10-22
Genesis 34:1-31
Genesis 49:3-10
Joshua 24:23-28
Cross References
but he shall acknowledge the firstborn, the son of the hated, by giving him a double portion of all that he has; for he is the beginning of his strength. The right of the firstborn is his.
It is better to go to the house of mourning than to go to the house of feasting; for that is the end of all men, and the living should take this to heart.
Yahweh said to Moses, “Go to the people, and sanctify them today and tomorrow, and let them wash their garments, and be ready for the third day; for on the third day Yahweh will come down in the sight of all the people on Mount Sinai.
When Abram was ninety-nine years old, Yahweh appeared to Abram and said to him, “I am God Almighty. Walk before me and be blameless. I will make my covenant between me and you, and will multiply you exceedingly.” Abram fell on his face....
Sarah lived one hundred twenty-seven years. This was the length of Sarah’s life. Sarah died in Kiriath Arba (also called Hebron), in the land of Canaan. Abraham came to mourn for Sarah, and to weep for her. Abraham rose up from before his...
The voice of one saying, “Cry!” One said, “What shall I cry?” “All flesh is like grass, and all its glory is like the flower of the field. The grass withers, the flower fades, because Yahweh’s breath blows on it. Surely the people are like...
Don’t you be afraid, for I am with you. Don’t be dismayed, for I am your God. I will strengthen you. Yes, I will help you. Yes, I will uphold you with the right hand of my righteousness.
“Now therefore put away the foreign gods which are among you, and incline your heart to Yahweh, the God of Israel.”
Genesis 35 strengthens the gospel framework by showing that God’s people need cleansing, not merely preservation. Jacob’s house has returned to the land, but it is still carrying idols and moral disorder. God calls for purification before renewed covenant affirmation. This prepares the way for the gospel by showing that salvation is not only rescue from danger but also cleansing from defilement and restoration to true worship.
In the fullness of Scripture, that cleansing is accomplished through Jesus Christ, who purifies His people from idols and uncleanness and brings them into renewed covenant life before God.
Primary Emphasis
Genesis 35 contributes to Christology by strengthening the line of promise through Israel and by adding kingship language to the covenant reaffirmation. The statement that kings shall come from Jacob’s loins pushes the reader further toward the royal dimension of the promise, which will eventually converge in Judah and then in the Messiah. Benjamin’s birth also adds to the full shape of the tribes from which Israel’s later history will unfold.
More broadly, the chapter contributes to the theology of renewal by showing that God calls His people to put away idols and come into His presence at the place He appoints. In the fuller biblical frame, Christ is the one in whom God’s people are finally cleansed from idols, gathered into true worship, and brought into the fullness of covenant identity.
Chapter Contribution
Genesis 35 teaches that God’s covenant faithfulness includes not only promise and preservation, but also purification, renewed revelation, and the ordering of His people under holy worship. The chapter opens with divine initiative. God calls Jacob back to Bethel, the place of prior revelation, showing that renewal begins not with human recovery plans but with God’s summons.
Jacob’s response is striking because it is one of the clearest moments of household leadership in His story. He commands the removal of foreign gods, purification, and changed garments. This reveals that the covenant family had indeed been spiritually compromised, validating the dark implications of Genesis 34 and Rachel’s hidden teraphim in Genesis 31. The burial of the foreign gods under the oak signifies decisive renunciation.
The terror of God on the surrounding cities then shows that divine protection accompanies covenant purification. At Bethel, the Lord appears again and renews the promise. The reaffirmation of the name Israel is especially important. Jacob had received this name in the night of wrestling, but here God publicly confirms it in the context of covenant blessing, nationhood, kingship, and land.
This chapter therefore links personal transformation to covenant destiny. Yet renewal does not remove sorrow. Deborah dies. Rachel dies while giving birth to Benjamin. Reuben commits a grave sexual offense against His father’s house. Isaac dies. The covenant line is therefore reaffirmed in the midst of grief, dishonor, and transition. The chapter refuses any simplistic notion that renewal means immediate ease.
Instead, it teaches that God’s promise moves forward through a purified yet still imperfect household. Thus Genesis 35 argues that covenant life requires the putting away of idols, that God renews His people at the place of worship, and that His promise endures through death, pain, and family instability because it rests on His faithfulness rather than theirs.
God’s promises move forward through generations despite grief, sin, and death.
God graciously renews His promises and reaffirms identity even after moral failure and disorder.
God preserves His purposes through painful and morally complex circumstances.
God meets His people where He has summoned them and assures them with His own word.
God protects His obedient people from surrounding threats according to His sovereign care.
God calls His people to put away idols and approach Him in consecrated purity.
Grief is real, but covenant identity and promise remain under God’s care.
Serious sin remains present even within the covenant family.
Even covenant heirs die, yet the promise of God continues beyond their lives.
True worship involves repentance, remembrance, altar-building, and public acknowledgment of God.
6 Imperatives
- Go up to Bethel
- Dwell there
- Make an altar there
- Put away the foreign gods
- Purify Yourselves
- Change Your garments
Sense go up to Bethel
Definition go up to Bethel
Why it matters God’s command to go up to Bethel frames the whole chapter as a divinely initiated return to renewal, worship, and covenant reaffirmation.
Sense put away the foreign gods
Definition put away the foreign gods
Why it matters This command is central to the chapter’s theology of repentance, showing that covenant renewal requires active renunciation of idols.
Sense purify yourselves
Definition purify yourselves
Why it matters Jacob’s call for purification shows that return to worship is not casual but requires moral and symbolic cleansing.
Sense change garments
Definition change garments
Why it matters The garment change symbolizes a break with defilement and a readiness to come before God in renewed order.
Sense terror of God
Definition terror of God
Why it matters The terror of God falling on the surrounding cities reveals that divine protection accompanies covenant obedience and return.
Sense God of Bethel
Definition God of Bethel
Why it matters Jacob’s altar-name emphasizes not merely the place itself but the God who revealed Himself there, grounding worship in divine encounter.
Sense Israel
Definition Israel
Why it matters The reaffirmation of Jacob’s name as Israel publicly confirms the covenant identity already granted at Peniel and binds it to national destiny.
Cross-language bridge 2 links · View in lexicon
Sense a nation and a company of nations
Definition a nation and a company of nations
Why it matters This expanded promise language shows that Jacob’s future is not merely tribal but national and multinational in scope under God’s covenant.
Sense kings shall come from your loins
Definition kings shall come from your loins
Why it matters The kingship language intensifies the covenant promise and projects the line forward toward royal and messianic expectation.
Sense son of my sorrow / son of the right hand
Definition son of my sorrow / son of the right hand
Why it matters Rachel’s death-name and Jacob’s renaming of the child highlight the tension between sorrow and hope within covenant continuity.
Sense pillar, standing stone
Definition pillar, standing stone
Why it matters Jacob’s pillars in this chapter mark both divine revelation and Rachel’s burial, showing how covenant memory is embodied in place and stone.
Sense lie with
Definition lie with
Why it matters Reuben’s act with Bilhah exposes that even after purification and renewal, grave household sin still threatens the covenant family from within.
Sense gathered to his people
Definition gathered to his people
Why it matters Isaac’s death is framed with covenantal dignity, signaling generational continuity rather than covenant collapse.
Lexicon data: MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML (CC0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (CC BY 4.0) · Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon (CC BY 4.0) · STEPBible Data (CC BY 4.0) · Full details
C.F. Keil & F. Delitzsch, Commentary on the Old Testament (1861–91) — public domain
- Genesis 35 warns that covenant households cannot live faithfully while carrying hidden idols, tolerated impurity, and sexual dishonor, and it shows that renewal requires decisive burial of false loyalties before God.
- Treating the chapter as a simple travel update rather than recognizing it as a major purification and covenant-renewal event after the corruption of Genesis 34.
- Ignoring the significance of the buried foreign gods and thus missing how spiritually compromised Jacob’s house had become.
- Assuming Jacob’s renaming to Israel here is a contradiction of Genesis 32 rather than seeing this as a public covenant confirmation of the name already given in wrestling.
- Reading Rachel’s death only as tragic family detail without recognizing its narrative role in marking generational transition and the painful cost present even in covenant advance.
- Skipping over Reuben’s sin as incidental when it becomes a lasting stain on His standing and affects later patriarchal history.
- Missing the theological weight of the promise that kings shall come from Jacob, which pushes the covenant storyline forward toward royal hope.
- What foreign gods, false loyalties, functional idols, or hidden compromises still need to be buried in Your life or household?
- How does Jacob’s call for purification challenge passive spiritual leadership in the home, church, or ministry?
- Where has God been calling You back to a Bethel-like place, not merely of memory, but of renewed obedience and worship?
- How do You respond when renewal comes together with grief, loss, or unresolved family pain rather than instant relief?
- What does this chapter teach You about the difference between outward belonging to God’s people and inward household holiness?
- Preach Genesis 35 as a chapter of renewal after corruption, showing that God does not abandon His people in their pollution but calls them to cleansing and worship.
- Use Jacob’s burial of the idols to call believers and families to concrete repentance, not vague spiritual sentiment.
- Teach that spiritual renewal often requires leadership that is clear, specific, and uncompromising about what must be put away.
- Encourage believers that God’s protecting presence often accompanies seasons of genuine repentance and reordered worship.
- Prepare grieving saints to understand that God may reaffirm His promises in the same season that He permits deep losses, as seen in Rachel’s and Isaac’s deaths.
- Warn plainly from Reuben’s sin that sexual transgression within the covenant household brings enduring damage and dishonor.
- Use the chapter’s altar, pillar, and naming actions to stress the importance of remembered places of grace and renewed consecration before God.
Genesis 35 strengthens the gospel framework by showing that God’s people need cleansing, not merely preservation. Jacob’s house has returned to the land, but it is still carrying idols and moral disorder. God calls for purification before renewed covenant affirmation. This prepares the way for the gospel by showing that salvation is not only rescue from danger but also cleansing from defilement and restoration to true worship.
In the fullness of Scripture, that cleansing is accomplished through Jesus Christ, who purifies His people from idols and uncleanness and brings them into renewed covenant life before God.
Genesis 35 strengthens the gospel framework by showing that God’s people need cleansing, not merely preservation. Jacob’s house has returned to the land, but it is still carrying idols and moral disorder. God calls for purification before renewed covenant affirmation. This prepares the way for the gospel by showing that salvation is not only rescue from danger but also cleansing from defilement and restoration to true worship.
In the fullness of Scripture, that cleansing is accomplished through Jesus Christ, who purifies His people from idols and uncleanness and brings them into renewed covenant life before God.
Genesis 35 strengthens the gospel framework by showing that God’s people need cleansing, not merely preservation. Jacob’s house has returned to the land, but it is still carrying idols and moral disorder. God calls for purification before renewed covenant affirmation. This prepares the way for the gospel by showing that salvation is not only rescue from danger but also cleansing from defilement and restoration to true worship.
In the fullness of Scripture, that cleansing is accomplished through Jesus Christ, who purifies His people from idols and uncleanness and brings them into renewed covenant life before God.
Genesis 35 strengthens the gospel framework by showing that God’s people need cleansing, not merely preservation. Jacob’s house has returned to the land, but it is still carrying idols and moral disorder. God calls for purification before renewed covenant affirmation. This prepares the way for the gospel by showing that salvation is not only rescue from danger but also cleansing from defilement and restoration to true worship.
In the fullness of Scripture, that cleansing is accomplished through Jesus Christ, who purifies His people from idols and uncleanness and brings them into renewed covenant life before God.
Genesis 35 strengthens the gospel framework by showing that God’s people need cleansing, not merely preservation. Jacob’s house has returned to the land, but it is still carrying idols and moral disorder. God calls for purification before renewed covenant affirmation. This prepares the way for the gospel by showing that salvation is not only rescue from danger but also cleansing from defilement and restoration to true worship.
In the fullness of Scripture, that cleansing is accomplished through Jesus Christ, who purifies His people from idols and uncleanness and brings them into renewed covenant life before God.
6
Very high
- Go up to Bethel
- Dwell there
- Make an altar there
- Put away the foreign gods
- Purify Yourselves
- Change Your garments
Trace remnant preservation, covenant continuity, and mercy under judgment across Scripture.
Study holiness as divine character, covenant identity, and sanctified life across Scripture.
Study temple presence, worship, corruption, judgment, and renewal across Scripture.
The Biblical World
Chapter At A Glance
Genesis 35 is covenantally decisive because it renews the Bethel encounter and restates the Abrahamic promises directly over Jacob, now explicitly as Israel. The promises of land, offspring, nationhood, and kingship are reaffirmed in a fuller way, strengthening the covenant horizon as the story moves toward the tribal and national future. The chapter also shows that covenant life is incompatible with tolerated idols.
The burial of foreign gods and the altar at Bethel together make clear that renewal requires both renunciation and worship. The listing of Jacob’s twelve sons is also covenantally significant, because the future tribal structure of Israel is now fully present in seed form. Finally, the deaths of Rachel and Isaac frame the chapter as one of covenant continuity across generations.
Genesis 35 strengthens the gospel framework by showing that God’s people need cleansing, not merely preservation. Jacob’s house has returned to the land, but it is still carrying idols and moral disorder. God calls for purification before renewed covenant affirmation. This prepares the way for the gospel by showing that salvation is not only rescue from danger but also cleansing from defilement and restoration to true worship.
In the fullness of Scripture, that cleansing is accomplished through Jesus Christ, who purifies His people from idols and uncleanness and brings them into renewed covenant life before God.
Focus Points
- Covenant Renewal
- Purification
- Idolatry Renunciation
- Divine Protection
- Worship
- Promise through Sorrow
- Covenant Identity
- Succession and Transition
- Covenant Theology
- Sanctification
- Idolatry
- Providence
- Kingship Promise
- Biblical Theology
Cross References
Passages
Chapter opening: Genesis 35:1-15
Gen 35:1-7 Journey to Bethel . - Jacob had allowed ten years to pass since his return from Mesopotamia, without performing the vow which he made at Bethel when fleeing from Esau (Gen 28:20.) , although he had recalled it to mind when resolving to return (Gen 31:13), and had also erected an altar in Shechem to the “God of Israel” (Gen 33:20). He was now directed by God (Gen 35:1) to go to Bethel, and there build an altar to the God who had appeared to him on his flight from Esau.
This command stirred him up to perform what had been neglected, viz. , to put away from his house the strange gods, which he had tolerated in weak consideration for his wives, and which had no doubt occasioned the long neglect, and to pay to God the vow that he had made in the day of his trouble. He therefore commanded his house (Gen 35:2, Gen 35:3), i. e. , his wives and children, and “ all that were with him, ” i.
e. , his men and maid-servants, to put away the strange gods, to purify themselves, and wash their clothes. He also buried “all the strange gods,” i. e. , Rachel’s teraphim (Gen 31:19), and whatever other idols there were, with the earrings which were worn as amulets and charms, “ under the terebinth at Shechem, ” probably the very tree under which Abraham once pitched his tent (Gen 12:6), and which was regarded as a sacred place in Joshua’s time (vid.
, Jos 24:26, though the pointing is אלּה there). The burial of the idols was followed by purification through the washing of the body, as a sign of the purification of the heart from the defilement of idolatry, and by the putting on of clean and festal clothes, as a symbol of the sanctification and elevation of the heart to the Lord (Jos 24:23). This decided turning to the Lord was immediately followed by the blessing of God.
When they left Shechem a “ terror of God, ” i. e. , a supernatural terror, “ came upon the cities round about, ” so that they did not venture to pursue the sons of Jacob on account of the cruelty of Simeon and Levi (Gen 35:5). Having safely arrived in Bethel, Jacob built an altar, which he called El Bethel (God of Bethel) in remembrance of the manifestation of God on His flight from Esau.
Gen 35:1-7 Journey to Bethel . - Jacob had allowed ten years to pass since his return from Mesopotamia, without performing the vow which he made at Bethel when fleeing from Esau (Gen 28:20.) , although he had recalled it to mind when resolving to return (Gen 31:13), and had also erected an altar in Shechem to the “God of Israel” (Gen 33:20). He was now directed by God (Gen 35:1) to go to Bethel, and there build an altar to the God who had appeared to him on his flight from Esau.
This command stirred him up to perform what had been neglected, viz. , to put away from his house the strange gods, which he had tolerated in weak consideration for his wives, and which had no doubt occasioned the long neglect, and to pay to God the vow that he had made in the day of his trouble. He therefore commanded his house (Gen 35:2, Gen 35:3), i. e. , his wives and children, and “ all that were with him, ” i.
e. , his men and maid-servants, to put away the strange gods, to purify themselves, and wash their clothes. He also buried “all the strange gods,” i. e. , Rachel’s teraphim (Gen 31:19), and whatever other idols there were, with the earrings which were worn as amulets and charms, “ under the terebinth at Shechem, ” probably the very tree under which Abraham once pitched his tent (Gen 12:6), and which was regarded as a sacred place in Joshua’s time (vid.
, Jos 24:26, though the pointing is אלּה there). The burial of the idols was followed by purification through the washing of the body, as a sign of the purification of the heart from the defilement of idolatry, and by the putting on of clean and festal clothes, as a symbol of the sanctification and elevation of the heart to the Lord (Jos 24:23). This decided turning to the Lord was immediately followed by the blessing of God.
When they left Shechem a “ terror of God, ” i. e. , a supernatural terror, “ came upon the cities round about, ” so that they did not venture to pursue the sons of Jacob on account of the cruelty of Simeon and Levi (Gen 35:5). Having safely arrived in Bethel, Jacob built an altar, which he called El Bethel (God of Bethel) in remembrance of the manifestation of God on His flight from Esau.
Gen 35:1-7 Journey to Bethel . - Jacob had allowed ten years to pass since his return from Mesopotamia, without performing the vow which he made at Bethel when fleeing from Esau (Gen 28:20.) , although he had recalled it to mind when resolving to return (Gen 31:13), and had also erected an altar in Shechem to the “God of Israel” (Gen 33:20). He was now directed by God (Gen 35:1) to go to Bethel, and there build an altar to the God who had appeared to him on his flight from Esau.
This command stirred him up to perform what had been neglected, viz. , to put away from his house the strange gods, which he had tolerated in weak consideration for his wives, and which had no doubt occasioned the long neglect, and to pay to God the vow that he had made in the day of his trouble. He therefore commanded his house (Gen 35:2, Gen 35:3), i. e. , his wives and children, and “ all that were with him, ” i.
e. , his men and maid-servants, to put away the strange gods, to purify themselves, and wash their clothes. He also buried “all the strange gods,” i. e. , Rachel’s teraphim (Gen 31:19), and whatever other idols there were, with the earrings which were worn as amulets and charms, “ under the terebinth at Shechem, ” probably the very tree under which Abraham once pitched his tent (Gen 12:6), and which was regarded as a sacred place in Joshua’s time (vid.
, Jos 24:26, though the pointing is אלּה there). The burial of the idols was followed by purification through the washing of the body, as a sign of the purification of the heart from the defilement of idolatry, and by the putting on of clean and festal clothes, as a symbol of the sanctification and elevation of the heart to the Lord (Jos 24:23). This decided turning to the Lord was immediately followed by the blessing of God.
When they left Shechem a “ terror of God, ” i. e. , a supernatural terror, “ came upon the cities round about, ” so that they did not venture to pursue the sons of Jacob on account of the cruelty of Simeon and Levi (Gen 35:5). Having safely arrived in Bethel, Jacob built an altar, which he called El Bethel (God of Bethel) in remembrance of the manifestation of God on His flight from Esau.
Gen 35:1-7 Journey to Bethel . - Jacob had allowed ten years to pass since his return from Mesopotamia, without performing the vow which he made at Bethel when fleeing from Esau (Gen 28:20.) , although he had recalled it to mind when resolving to return (Gen 31:13), and had also erected an altar in Shechem to the “God of Israel” (Gen 33:20). He was now directed by God (Gen 35:1) to go to Bethel, and there build an altar to the God who had appeared to him on his flight from Esau.
This command stirred him up to perform what had been neglected, viz. , to put away from his house the strange gods, which he had tolerated in weak consideration for his wives, and which had no doubt occasioned the long neglect, and to pay to God the vow that he had made in the day of his trouble. He therefore commanded his house (Gen 35:2, Gen 35:3), i. e. , his wives and children, and “ all that were with him, ” i.
e. , his men and maid-servants, to put away the strange gods, to purify themselves, and wash their clothes. He also buried “all the strange gods,” i. e. , Rachel’s teraphim (Gen 31:19), and whatever other idols there were, with the earrings which were worn as amulets and charms, “ under the terebinth at Shechem, ” probably the very tree under which Abraham once pitched his tent (Gen 12:6), and which was regarded as a sacred place in Joshua’s time (vid.
, Jos 24:26, though the pointing is אלּה there). The burial of the idols was followed by purification through the washing of the body, as a sign of the purification of the heart from the defilement of idolatry, and by the putting on of clean and festal clothes, as a symbol of the sanctification and elevation of the heart to the Lord (Jos 24:23). This decided turning to the Lord was immediately followed by the blessing of God.
When they left Shechem a “ terror of God, ” i. e. , a supernatural terror, “ came upon the cities round about, ” so that they did not venture to pursue the sons of Jacob on account of the cruelty of Simeon and Levi (Gen 35:5). Having safely arrived in Bethel, Jacob built an altar, which he called El Bethel (God of Bethel) in remembrance of the manifestation of God on His flight from Esau.
Gen 35:1-7 Journey to Bethel . - Jacob had allowed ten years to pass since his return from Mesopotamia, without performing the vow which he made at Bethel when fleeing from Esau (Gen 28:20.) , although he had recalled it to mind when resolving to return (Gen 31:13), and had also erected an altar in Shechem to the “God of Israel” (Gen 33:20). He was now directed by God (Gen 35:1) to go to Bethel, and there build an altar to the God who had appeared to him on his flight from Esau.
This command stirred him up to perform what had been neglected, viz. , to put away from his house the strange gods, which he had tolerated in weak consideration for his wives, and which had no doubt occasioned the long neglect, and to pay to God the vow that he had made in the day of his trouble. He therefore commanded his house (Gen 35:2, Gen 35:3), i. e. , his wives and children, and “ all that were with him, ” i.
e. , his men and maid-servants, to put away the strange gods, to purify themselves, and wash their clothes. He also buried “all the strange gods,” i. e. , Rachel’s teraphim (Gen 31:19), and whatever other idols there were, with the earrings which were worn as amulets and charms, “ under the terebinth at Shechem, ” probably the very tree under which Abraham once pitched his tent (Gen 12:6), and which was regarded as a sacred place in Joshua’s time (vid.
, Jos 24:26, though the pointing is אלּה there). The burial of the idols was followed by purification through the washing of the body, as a sign of the purification of the heart from the defilement of idolatry, and by the putting on of clean and festal clothes, as a symbol of the sanctification and elevation of the heart to the Lord (Jos 24:23). This decided turning to the Lord was immediately followed by the blessing of God.
When they left Shechem a “ terror of God, ” i. e. , a supernatural terror, “ came upon the cities round about, ” so that they did not venture to pursue the sons of Jacob on account of the cruelty of Simeon and Levi (Gen 35:5). Having safely arrived in Bethel, Jacob built an altar, which he called El Bethel (God of Bethel) in remembrance of the manifestation of God on His flight from Esau.
Gen 35:1-7 Journey to Bethel . - Jacob had allowed ten years to pass since his return from Mesopotamia, without performing the vow which he made at Bethel when fleeing from Esau (Gen 28:20.) , although he had recalled it to mind when resolving to return (Gen 31:13), and had also erected an altar in Shechem to the “God of Israel” (Gen 33:20). He was now directed by God (Gen 35:1) to go to Bethel, and there build an altar to the God who had appeared to him on his flight from Esau.
This command stirred him up to perform what had been neglected, viz. , to put away from his house the strange gods, which he had tolerated in weak consideration for his wives, and which had no doubt occasioned the long neglect, and to pay to God the vow that he had made in the day of his trouble. He therefore commanded his house (Gen 35:2, Gen 35:3), i. e. , his wives and children, and “ all that were with him, ” i.
e. , his men and maid-servants, to put away the strange gods, to purify themselves, and wash their clothes. He also buried “all the strange gods,” i. e. , Rachel’s teraphim (Gen 31:19), and whatever other idols there were, with the earrings which were worn as amulets and charms, “ under the terebinth at Shechem, ” probably the very tree under which Abraham once pitched his tent (Gen 12:6), and which was regarded as a sacred place in Joshua’s time (vid.
, Jos 24:26, though the pointing is אלּה there). The burial of the idols was followed by purification through the washing of the body, as a sign of the purification of the heart from the defilement of idolatry, and by the putting on of clean and festal clothes, as a symbol of the sanctification and elevation of the heart to the Lord (Jos 24:23). This decided turning to the Lord was immediately followed by the blessing of God.
When they left Shechem a “ terror of God, ” i. e. , a supernatural terror, “ came upon the cities round about, ” so that they did not venture to pursue the sons of Jacob on account of the cruelty of Simeon and Levi (Gen 35:5). Having safely arrived in Bethel, Jacob built an altar, which he called El Bethel (God of Bethel) in remembrance of the manifestation of God on His flight from Esau.
Gen 35:1-7 Journey to Bethel . - Jacob had allowed ten years to pass since his return from Mesopotamia, without performing the vow which he made at Bethel when fleeing from Esau (Gen 28:20.) , although he had recalled it to mind when resolving to return (Gen 31:13), and had also erected an altar in Shechem to the “God of Israel” (Gen 33:20). He was now directed by God (Gen 35:1) to go to Bethel, and there build an altar to the God who had appeared to him on his flight from Esau.
This command stirred him up to perform what had been neglected, viz. , to put away from his house the strange gods, which he had tolerated in weak consideration for his wives, and which had no doubt occasioned the long neglect, and to pay to God the vow that he had made in the day of his trouble. He therefore commanded his house (Gen 35:2, Gen 35:3), i. e. , his wives and children, and “ all that were with him, ” i.
e. , his men and maid-servants, to put away the strange gods, to purify themselves, and wash their clothes. He also buried “all the strange gods,” i. e. , Rachel’s teraphim (Gen 31:19), and whatever other idols there were, with the earrings which were worn as amulets and charms, “ under the terebinth at Shechem, ” probably the very tree under which Abraham once pitched his tent (Gen 12:6), and which was regarded as a sacred place in Joshua’s time (vid.
, Jos 24:26, though the pointing is אלּה there). The burial of the idols was followed by purification through the washing of the body, as a sign of the purification of the heart from the defilement of idolatry, and by the putting on of clean and festal clothes, as a symbol of the sanctification and elevation of the heart to the Lord (Jos 24:23). This decided turning to the Lord was immediately followed by the blessing of God.
When they left Shechem a “ terror of God, ” i. e. , a supernatural terror, “ came upon the cities round about, ” so that they did not venture to pursue the sons of Jacob on account of the cruelty of Simeon and Levi (Gen 35:5). Having safely arrived in Bethel, Jacob built an altar, which he called El Bethel (God of Bethel) in remembrance of the manifestation of God on His flight from Esau.
Gen 35:8 There Deborah , Rebekah’s nurse, died, and was buried below Bethel under an oak, which was henceforth called the “oak of weeping,” a mourning oak, from the grief of Jacob’s house on account of her death. Deborah had either been sent by Rebekah to take care of her daughters-in-law and grandsons, or had gone of her own accord into Jacob’s household after the death of her mistress.
The mourning at her death, and the perpetuation of her memory, are proofs that she must have been a faithful and highly esteemed servant in Jacob’s house.
Gen 35:9-15 The Fresh Revelation at Bethel. - After Jacob had performed his vow by erecting the altar at Bethel, God appeared to him again there (“ again, ” referring to Gen 28), “ on his coming out of Padan-Aram, ” as He had appeared to him 30 years before on his journey thither, - though it was then in a dream, now by daylight in a visible form (cf. Gen 35:13, “ God went up from him ”).
The gloom of that day of fear had now brightened into the clear daylight of salvation. This appearance was the answer, which God gave to Jacob on his acknowledgement of Him; and its reality is thereby established, in opposition to the conjecture that it is merely a legendary repetition of the previous vision. The former theophany had promised to Jacob divine protection in a foreign land and restoration to his home, on the ground of his call to be the bearer of the blessings of salvation.
This promise God had fulfilled, and Jacob therefore performed his vow. On the strength of this, God now confirmed to him the name of Israel, which He had already given him in Gen 32:28, and with it the promised of a numerous seed and the possession of Canaan, which, so far as the form and substance are concerned, points back rather to Gen 17:6 and Gen 17:8 than to Gen 28:13-14, and for the fulfilment of which, commencing with the birth of his sons and his return to Canaan, and stretching forward to the most remote future, the name of Israel was to furnish him with a pledge.
- Jacob alluded to this second manifestation of God at Bethel towards the close of his life (Gen 48:3-4); and Hosea (Hos 12:4) represents it as the result of his wrestling with God. The remembrance of this appearance Jacob transmitted to his descendants by erecting a memorial stone, which he not only anointed with oil like the former one in Gen 28:17, but consecrated by a drink-offering and by the renewal of the name Bethel.
Gen 35:9-15 The Fresh Revelation at Bethel. - After Jacob had performed his vow by erecting the altar at Bethel, God appeared to him again there (“ again, ” referring to Gen 28), “ on his coming out of Padan-Aram, ” as He had appeared to him 30 years before on his journey thither, - though it was then in a dream, now by daylight in a visible form (cf. Gen 35:13, “ God went up from him ”).
The gloom of that day of fear had now brightened into the clear daylight of salvation. This appearance was the answer, which God gave to Jacob on his acknowledgement of Him; and its reality is thereby established, in opposition to the conjecture that it is merely a legendary repetition of the previous vision. The former theophany had promised to Jacob divine protection in a foreign land and restoration to his home, on the ground of his call to be the bearer of the blessings of salvation.
This promise God had fulfilled, and Jacob therefore performed his vow. On the strength of this, God now confirmed to him the name of Israel, which He had already given him in Gen 32:28, and with it the promised of a numerous seed and the possession of Canaan, which, so far as the form and substance are concerned, points back rather to Gen 17:6 and Gen 17:8 than to Gen 28:13-14, and for the fulfilment of which, commencing with the birth of his sons and his return to Canaan, and stretching forward to the most remote future, the name of Israel was to furnish him with a pledge.
- Jacob alluded to this second manifestation of God at Bethel towards the close of his life (Gen 48:3-4); and Hosea (Hos 12:4) represents it as the result of his wrestling with God. The remembrance of this appearance Jacob transmitted to his descendants by erecting a memorial stone, which he not only anointed with oil like the former one in Gen 28:17, but consecrated by a drink-offering and by the renewal of the name Bethel.
Gen 35:9-15 The Fresh Revelation at Bethel. - After Jacob had performed his vow by erecting the altar at Bethel, God appeared to him again there (“ again, ” referring to Gen 28), “ on his coming out of Padan-Aram, ” as He had appeared to him 30 years before on his journey thither, - though it was then in a dream, now by daylight in a visible form (cf. Gen 35:13, “ God went up from him ”).
The gloom of that day of fear had now brightened into the clear daylight of salvation. This appearance was the answer, which God gave to Jacob on his acknowledgement of Him; and its reality is thereby established, in opposition to the conjecture that it is merely a legendary repetition of the previous vision. The former theophany had promised to Jacob divine protection in a foreign land and restoration to his home, on the ground of his call to be the bearer of the blessings of salvation.
This promise God had fulfilled, and Jacob therefore performed his vow. On the strength of this, God now confirmed to him the name of Israel, which He had already given him in Gen 32:28, and with it the promised of a numerous seed and the possession of Canaan, which, so far as the form and substance are concerned, points back rather to Gen 17:6 and Gen 17:8 than to Gen 28:13-14, and for the fulfilment of which, commencing with the birth of his sons and his return to Canaan, and stretching forward to the most remote future, the name of Israel was to furnish him with a pledge.
- Jacob alluded to this second manifestation of God at Bethel towards the close of his life (Gen 48:3-4); and Hosea (Hos 12:4) represents it as the result of his wrestling with God. The remembrance of this appearance Jacob transmitted to his descendants by erecting a memorial stone, which he not only anointed with oil like the former one in Gen 28:17, but consecrated by a drink-offering and by the renewal of the name Bethel.
Gen 35:9-15 The Fresh Revelation at Bethel. - After Jacob had performed his vow by erecting the altar at Bethel, God appeared to him again there (“ again, ” referring to Gen 28), “ on his coming out of Padan-Aram, ” as He had appeared to him 30 years before on his journey thither, - though it was then in a dream, now by daylight in a visible form (cf. Gen 35:13, “ God went up from him ”).
The gloom of that day of fear had now brightened into the clear daylight of salvation. This appearance was the answer, which God gave to Jacob on his acknowledgement of Him; and its reality is thereby established, in opposition to the conjecture that it is merely a legendary repetition of the previous vision. The former theophany had promised to Jacob divine protection in a foreign land and restoration to his home, on the ground of his call to be the bearer of the blessings of salvation.
This promise God had fulfilled, and Jacob therefore performed his vow. On the strength of this, God now confirmed to him the name of Israel, which He had already given him in Gen 32:28, and with it the promised of a numerous seed and the possession of Canaan, which, so far as the form and substance are concerned, points back rather to Gen 17:6 and Gen 17:8 than to Gen 28:13-14, and for the fulfilment of which, commencing with the birth of his sons and his return to Canaan, and stretching forward to the most remote future, the name of Israel was to furnish him with a pledge.
- Jacob alluded to this second manifestation of God at Bethel towards the close of his life (Gen 48:3-4); and Hosea (Hos 12:4) represents it as the result of his wrestling with God. The remembrance of this appearance Jacob transmitted to his descendants by erecting a memorial stone, which he not only anointed with oil like the former one in Gen 28:17, but consecrated by a drink-offering and by the renewal of the name Bethel.
Gen 35:9-15 The Fresh Revelation at Bethel. - After Jacob had performed his vow by erecting the altar at Bethel, God appeared to him again there (“ again, ” referring to Gen 28), “ on his coming out of Padan-Aram, ” as He had appeared to him 30 years before on his journey thither, - though it was then in a dream, now by daylight in a visible form (cf. Gen 35:13, “ God went up from him ”).
The gloom of that day of fear had now brightened into the clear daylight of salvation. This appearance was the answer, which God gave to Jacob on his acknowledgement of Him; and its reality is thereby established, in opposition to the conjecture that it is merely a legendary repetition of the previous vision. The former theophany had promised to Jacob divine protection in a foreign land and restoration to his home, on the ground of his call to be the bearer of the blessings of salvation.
This promise God had fulfilled, and Jacob therefore performed his vow. On the strength of this, God now confirmed to him the name of Israel, which He had already given him in Gen 32:28, and with it the promised of a numerous seed and the possession of Canaan, which, so far as the form and substance are concerned, points back rather to Gen 17:6 and Gen 17:8 than to Gen 28:13-14, and for the fulfilment of which, commencing with the birth of his sons and his return to Canaan, and stretching forward to the most remote future, the name of Israel was to furnish him with a pledge.
- Jacob alluded to this second manifestation of God at Bethel towards the close of his life (Gen 48:3-4); and Hosea (Hos 12:4) represents it as the result of his wrestling with God. The remembrance of this appearance Jacob transmitted to his descendants by erecting a memorial stone, which he not only anointed with oil like the former one in Gen 28:17, but consecrated by a drink-offering and by the renewal of the name Bethel.
Gen 35:9-15 The Fresh Revelation at Bethel. - After Jacob had performed his vow by erecting the altar at Bethel, God appeared to him again there (“ again, ” referring to Gen 28), “ on his coming out of Padan-Aram, ” as He had appeared to him 30 years before on his journey thither, - though it was then in a dream, now by daylight in a visible form (cf. Gen 35:13, “ God went up from him ”).
The gloom of that day of fear had now brightened into the clear daylight of salvation. This appearance was the answer, which God gave to Jacob on his acknowledgement of Him; and its reality is thereby established, in opposition to the conjecture that it is merely a legendary repetition of the previous vision. The former theophany had promised to Jacob divine protection in a foreign land and restoration to his home, on the ground of his call to be the bearer of the blessings of salvation.
This promise God had fulfilled, and Jacob therefore performed his vow. On the strength of this, God now confirmed to him the name of Israel, which He had already given him in Gen 32:28, and with it the promised of a numerous seed and the possession of Canaan, which, so far as the form and substance are concerned, points back rather to Gen 17:6 and Gen 17:8 than to Gen 28:13-14, and for the fulfilment of which, commencing with the birth of his sons and his return to Canaan, and stretching forward to the most remote future, the name of Israel was to furnish him with a pledge.
- Jacob alluded to this second manifestation of God at Bethel towards the close of his life (Gen 48:3-4); and Hosea (Hos 12:4) represents it as the result of his wrestling with God. The remembrance of this appearance Jacob transmitted to his descendants by erecting a memorial stone, which he not only anointed with oil like the former one in Gen 28:17, but consecrated by a drink-offering and by the renewal of the name Bethel.
Gen 35:9-15 The Fresh Revelation at Bethel. - After Jacob had performed his vow by erecting the altar at Bethel, God appeared to him again there (“ again, ” referring to Gen 28), “ on his coming out of Padan-Aram, ” as He had appeared to him 30 years before on his journey thither, - though it was then in a dream, now by daylight in a visible form (cf. Gen 35:13, “ God went up from him ”).
The gloom of that day of fear had now brightened into the clear daylight of salvation. This appearance was the answer, which God gave to Jacob on his acknowledgement of Him; and its reality is thereby established, in opposition to the conjecture that it is merely a legendary repetition of the previous vision. The former theophany had promised to Jacob divine protection in a foreign land and restoration to his home, on the ground of his call to be the bearer of the blessings of salvation.
This promise God had fulfilled, and Jacob therefore performed his vow. On the strength of this, God now confirmed to him the name of Israel, which He had already given him in Gen 32:28, and with it the promised of a numerous seed and the possession of Canaan, which, so far as the form and substance are concerned, points back rather to Gen 17:6 and Gen 17:8 than to Gen 28:13-14, and for the fulfilment of which, commencing with the birth of his sons and his return to Canaan, and stretching forward to the most remote future, the name of Israel was to furnish him with a pledge.
- Jacob alluded to this second manifestation of God at Bethel towards the close of his life (Gen 48:3-4); and Hosea (Hos 12:4) represents it as the result of his wrestling with God. The remembrance of this appearance Jacob transmitted to his descendants by erecting a memorial stone, which he not only anointed with oil like the former one in Gen 28:17, but consecrated by a drink-offering and by the renewal of the name Bethel.
Gen 35:16-20 Birth of Benjamin and Death of Rachel. - Jacob’s departure from Bethel was not in opposition to the divine command, “dwell there” (Gen 35:1). For the word שׁב does not enjoin a permanent abode; but, when taken in connection with what follows, “make there an altar,” it merely directs him to stay there and perform his vow. As they were travelling forward, Rachel was taken in labour not far from Ephratah.
הארץ כּברת is a space, answering probably to the Persian parassang, though the real meaning of כּברה is unknown. The birth was a difficult one. בּלדתּהּ תּקשׁ: she had difficulty in her labour (instead of Piel we find Hiphil in Gen 35:17 with the same signification). The midwife comforted her by saying: “ Fear not, for this also is to thee a son, ” - a wish expressed by her when Joseph was born (Gen 30:24).
But she expired; and as she was dying, she called him Been-oni , “son of my pain. ” Jacob, however, called him Ben-jamin , probably son of good fortune, according to the meaning of the word jamin sustained by the Arabic, to indicate that his pain at the loss of his favourite wife was compensated by the birth of this son, who now completed the number twelve. Other explanations are less simple.
He buried Rachel on the road to Ephratah, or Ephrath (probably the fertile, from פּרה), i. e. , Bethlehem (bread-house), by which name it is better known, though the origin of it is obscure. He also erected a monument over her grave (מצּבה, στήλη), on which the historian observes, “ This is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day: ” a remark which does not necessarily point to a post-Mosaic period, but which could easily have been made even 10 or 20 years after its erection.
For the fact that a grave-stone had been preserved upon the high road in a foreign land, the inhabitants of which had no interest whatever in it, might appear worthy of notice even though only a single decennary had passed away.
Gen 35:16-20 Birth of Benjamin and Death of Rachel. - Jacob’s departure from Bethel was not in opposition to the divine command, “dwell there” (Gen 35:1). For the word שׁב does not enjoin a permanent abode; but, when taken in connection with what follows, “make there an altar,” it merely directs him to stay there and perform his vow. As they were travelling forward, Rachel was taken in labour not far from Ephratah.
הארץ כּברת is a space, answering probably to the Persian parassang, though the real meaning of כּברה is unknown. The birth was a difficult one. בּלדתּהּ תּקשׁ: she had difficulty in her labour (instead of Piel we find Hiphil in Gen 35:17 with the same signification). The midwife comforted her by saying: “ Fear not, for this also is to thee a son, ” - a wish expressed by her when Joseph was born (Gen 30:24).
But she expired; and as she was dying, she called him Been-oni , “son of my pain. ” Jacob, however, called him Ben-jamin , probably son of good fortune, according to the meaning of the word jamin sustained by the Arabic, to indicate that his pain at the loss of his favourite wife was compensated by the birth of this son, who now completed the number twelve. Other explanations are less simple.
He buried Rachel on the road to Ephratah, or Ephrath (probably the fertile, from פּרה), i. e. , Bethlehem (bread-house), by which name it is better known, though the origin of it is obscure. He also erected a monument over her grave (מצּבה, στήλη), on which the historian observes, “ This is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day: ” a remark which does not necessarily point to a post-Mosaic period, but which could easily have been made even 10 or 20 years after its erection.
For the fact that a grave-stone had been preserved upon the high road in a foreign land, the inhabitants of which had no interest whatever in it, might appear worthy of notice even though only a single decennary had passed away.
Gen 35:16-20 Birth of Benjamin and Death of Rachel. - Jacob’s departure from Bethel was not in opposition to the divine command, “dwell there” (Gen 35:1). For the word שׁב does not enjoin a permanent abode; but, when taken in connection with what follows, “make there an altar,” it merely directs him to stay there and perform his vow. As they were travelling forward, Rachel was taken in labour not far from Ephratah.
הארץ כּברת is a space, answering probably to the Persian parassang, though the real meaning of כּברה is unknown. The birth was a difficult one. בּלדתּהּ תּקשׁ: she had difficulty in her labour (instead of Piel we find Hiphil in Gen 35:17 with the same signification). The midwife comforted her by saying: “ Fear not, for this also is to thee a son, ” - a wish expressed by her when Joseph was born (Gen 30:24).
But she expired; and as she was dying, she called him Been-oni , “son of my pain. ” Jacob, however, called him Ben-jamin , probably son of good fortune, according to the meaning of the word jamin sustained by the Arabic, to indicate that his pain at the loss of his favourite wife was compensated by the birth of this son, who now completed the number twelve. Other explanations are less simple.
He buried Rachel on the road to Ephratah, or Ephrath (probably the fertile, from פּרה), i. e. , Bethlehem (bread-house), by which name it is better known, though the origin of it is obscure. He also erected a monument over her grave (מצּבה, στήλη), on which the historian observes, “ This is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day: ” a remark which does not necessarily point to a post-Mosaic period, but which could easily have been made even 10 or 20 years after its erection.
For the fact that a grave-stone had been preserved upon the high road in a foreign land, the inhabitants of which had no interest whatever in it, might appear worthy of notice even though only a single decennary had passed away.
Gen 35:16-20 Birth of Benjamin and Death of Rachel. - Jacob’s departure from Bethel was not in opposition to the divine command, “dwell there” (Gen 35:1). For the word שׁב does not enjoin a permanent abode; but, when taken in connection with what follows, “make there an altar,” it merely directs him to stay there and perform his vow. As they were travelling forward, Rachel was taken in labour not far from Ephratah.
הארץ כּברת is a space, answering probably to the Persian parassang, though the real meaning of כּברה is unknown. The birth was a difficult one. בּלדתּהּ תּקשׁ: she had difficulty in her labour (instead of Piel we find Hiphil in Gen 35:17 with the same signification). The midwife comforted her by saying: “ Fear not, for this also is to thee a son, ” - a wish expressed by her when Joseph was born (Gen 30:24).
But she expired; and as she was dying, she called him Been-oni , “son of my pain. ” Jacob, however, called him Ben-jamin , probably son of good fortune, according to the meaning of the word jamin sustained by the Arabic, to indicate that his pain at the loss of his favourite wife was compensated by the birth of this son, who now completed the number twelve. Other explanations are less simple.
He buried Rachel on the road to Ephratah, or Ephrath (probably the fertile, from פּרה), i. e. , Bethlehem (bread-house), by which name it is better known, though the origin of it is obscure. He also erected a monument over her grave (מצּבה, στήλη), on which the historian observes, “ This is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day: ” a remark which does not necessarily point to a post-Mosaic period, but which could easily have been made even 10 or 20 years after its erection.
For the fact that a grave-stone had been preserved upon the high road in a foreign land, the inhabitants of which had no interest whatever in it, might appear worthy of notice even though only a single decennary had passed away.
Gen 35:16-20 Birth of Benjamin and Death of Rachel. - Jacob’s departure from Bethel was not in opposition to the divine command, “dwell there” (Gen 35:1). For the word שׁב does not enjoin a permanent abode; but, when taken in connection with what follows, “make there an altar,” it merely directs him to stay there and perform his vow. As they were travelling forward, Rachel was taken in labour not far from Ephratah.
הארץ כּברת is a space, answering probably to the Persian parassang, though the real meaning of כּברה is unknown. The birth was a difficult one. בּלדתּהּ תּקשׁ: she had difficulty in her labour (instead of Piel we find Hiphil in Gen 35:17 with the same signification). The midwife comforted her by saying: “ Fear not, for this also is to thee a son, ” - a wish expressed by her when Joseph was born (Gen 30:24).
But she expired; and as she was dying, she called him Been-oni , “son of my pain. ” Jacob, however, called him Ben-jamin , probably son of good fortune, according to the meaning of the word jamin sustained by the Arabic, to indicate that his pain at the loss of his favourite wife was compensated by the birth of this son, who now completed the number twelve. Other explanations are less simple.
He buried Rachel on the road to Ephratah, or Ephrath (probably the fertile, from פּרה), i. e. , Bethlehem (bread-house), by which name it is better known, though the origin of it is obscure. He also erected a monument over her grave (מצּבה, στήλη), on which the historian observes, “ This is the pillar of Rachel’s grave unto this day: ” a remark which does not necessarily point to a post-Mosaic period, but which could easily have been made even 10 or 20 years after its erection.
For the fact that a grave-stone had been preserved upon the high road in a foreign land, the inhabitants of which had no interest whatever in it, might appear worthy of notice even though only a single decennary had passed away.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.
Gen 35:21-22 Reuben’s Incest. - As they travelled onward, Jacob pitched his tent on the other side of Migdal Eder , where Reuben committed incest with Bilhah, his father’s concubine. It is merely alluded to her in the passing remark that Israel heard it, by way of preparation for Gen 49:4. Migdal Eder (flock-tower) was a watch-tower built for the protection of flocks against robbers (cf.
2Ki 18:8; 2Ch 26:10; 2Ch 27:4) on the other side of Bethlehem, but hardly within 1000 paces of the town, where it has been placed by tradition since the time of Jerome. The piska in the middle of Gen 35:22 does not indicate a gap in the text, but the conclusion of a parashah , a division of the text of greater antiquity and greater correctness than the Masoretic division.