Greek · G3404 · unreviewed

μισέω

To detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less

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μισέω G3404
Pronunciation miséō

What does μισέω (miséō) mean in the Bible?

μισέω (miséō) is a Greek word meaning "to detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less". μισέω, -ῶ [in LXX chiefly for שָׂנֵא ;] to hate: with accusative of person(s) Mat. Expresses covenant priority of Christ above all relationships. This term runs through the canonical themes of Covenant, Messiah.

Full entry for μισέω (G3404) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to detest (especially to persecute); by extension, to love less
Extended definition

To hate intensely; also means to love less or regard as inferior by comparison.

to hate: with accusative of person(s) Mat.5:43 24:10, Luk.1:71 6:22, 27 19:14, Jhn.7:7 15:18-19, 23-26 17:14, Tit.3:3, 1Jn.2:9 Jn 2:11 Jn 3:13 Jn 3:15 Jn 4:20 Rev.17:16; pass., Mat.10:22 24:9, Mrk.13:13, Luk.21:17; with accusative of thing(s), Jhn.3:20, Rom.7:15, Eph.5:29, Heb.1:9, Ju 23, Rev.2:6; pass., Rev.18:2. As the Heb. שָׂנֵא is sometimes found with the modified sense of indifference to or relative disregard for one thing in comparison with another (cf. Gen.29:30-31, Deu.21:15-16, Mal.1:3) so prob. μ. in the foll.: Mat.6:24, Luk.14:26 16:13, Jhn.12:25, Rom.9:13" (LXX) .

Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Why This Word Matters
Expresses covenant priority of Christ above all relationships. 1 John 2:7-11
World's moral hostility toward divine testimony. 1 John 4:17-21
Hatred is not merely emotional irritation but relational opposition that contradicts life in the light. Luke 14:25–35
Hatred contradicts claims of loving the unseen God.
Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses
Present Future Aorist Imperfect Perfect
Voices
Active Passive
Indicative states a fact or reality 23×
Present Active Luke 14:26 · John 3:20 · John 7:7 · John 15:18 · John 15:19 · John 15:23 · 1 John 3:13 · Rom 7:15 · Rev 2:6 10×
Future Active Matt 6:24 · Luke 16:13 · Matt 24:10 · Rev 17:16 · Matt 5:43
Aorist Active John 17:14 · Eph 5:29 · John 15:25 · Rom 9:13 · Heb 1:9
Perfect Active John 15:18 · John 15:24
Imperfect Active Luke 19:14
Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 14×
Present Active John 12:25 · John 15:23 · 1 John 2:9 · 1 John 2:11 · 1 John 3:15 · Titus 3:3 · Jude 1:23 · Luke 1:71 · Luke 6:27
Present Passive Matt 10:22 · Matt 24:9 · Mark 13:13 · Luke 21:17
Perfect Passive Rev 18:2
Subjunctive possibility, probability, or purpose
Aorist Active Luke 6:22
Present Active 1 John 4:20
Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract
Present Active John 7:7
Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 35 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect
completed 5 ongoing 10 prospective 5 resultant 1 background 1 subjunctive 2 infinitive 1 participle 10
Tense
present 21 aorist 6 future 5 perfect 2 imperfect 1
Voice
active 34 passive 1
Mood
indicative 22 participle 10 subjunctive 2 infinitive 1
NT Occurrences
Matthew 5:43 μισήσεις future active indicative prospective Matthew 6:24 μισήσει future active indicative prospective Matthew 24:10 μισήσουσιν future active indicative prospective Luke 1:71 μισούντων present active participle participle Luke 6:22 μισήσωσιν aorist active subjunctive subjunctive Luke 6:27 μισοῦσιν present active participle participle Luke 14:26 μισεῖ present active indicative ongoing Luke 16:13 μισήσει future active indicative prospective Luke 19:14 ἐμίσουν imperfect active indicative background John 3:20 μισεῖ present active indicative ongoing John 7:7 μισεῖν present active infinitive infinitive John 7:7 μισεῖ present active indicative ongoing John 12:25 μισῶν present active participle participle John 15:18 μισεῖ present active indicative ongoing John 15:18 μεμίσηκεν perfect active indicative resultant John 15:19 μισεῖ present active indicative ongoing John 15:23 μισῶν present active participle participle John 15:23 μισεῖ present active indicative ongoing John 15:25 Ἐμίσησάν aorist active indicative completed John 17:14 ἐμίσησεν aorist active indicative completed Romans 7:15 μισῶ present active indicative ongoing Romans 9:13 ἐμίσησα aorist active indicative completed Ephesians 5:29 ἐμίσησεν aorist active indicative completed Titus 3:3 μισοῦντες present active participle participle Hebrews 1:9 ἐμίσησας aorist active indicative completed 1 John 2:11 μισῶν present active participle participle 1 John 2:9 μισῶν present active participle participle 1 John 3:13 μισεῖ present active indicative ongoing 1 John 3:15 μισῶν present active participle participle 1 John 4:20 μισῇ present active subjunctive subjunctive Jude 1:23 μισοῦντες present active participle participle Revelation 2:6 μισεῖς present active indicative ongoing Revelation 2:6 μισῶ present active indicative ongoing Revelation 17:16 μισήσουσι future active indicative prospective Revelation 18:2 μεμισημένου perfect passive participle participle

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Canonical Themes
Covenant Messiah
Biblical Occurrences
Appears In
Word Pictures (Robertson)
Sources