Focused Passage

Joshua 20:1-9

Cities of Refuge and the Protection of Justice in the Land

The LORD commands Joshua to appoint cities of refuge, explains their purpose for the unintentional manslayer, and Israel sets apart six cities across the land so justice and mercy may function under covenant order.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Then the LORD said to Joshua,

2“Tell the Israelites to designate the cities of refuge, as I instructed you through Moses,

3so that anyone who kills another unintentionally or accidentally may flee there. These will be your refuge from the avenger of blood.

4When someone flees to one of these cities, stands at the entrance of the city gate, and states his case before its elders, they are to bring him into the city and give him a place to live among them.

5Now if the avenger of blood pursues him, they must not surrender the manslayer into his hand, because that man killed his neighbor accidentally without prior malice.

6He is to stay in that city until he stands trial before the assembly and until the death of the high priest serving at that time. Then the manslayer may return to his own home in the city from which he fled.”

7So they set apart Kedesh in Galilee in the hill country of Naphtali, Shechem in the hill country of Ephraim, and Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron) in the hill country of Judah.

8And beyond the Jordan, east of Jericho, they designated Bezer on the wilderness plateau from the tribe of Reuben, Ramoth in Gilead from the tribe of Gad, and Golan in Bashan from the tribe of Manasseh.

9These are the cities appointed for all the Israelites and foreigners among them, so that anyone who kills a person unintentionally may flee there and not die by the hand of the avenger of blood prior to standing trial before the assembly.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Original words

Then the LORDיְהוָ֔הH3068Noun - proper - masculine singularsaidוַיְדַבֵּ֣רH1696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413PrepositionJoshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַH3091Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹֽר׃H559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Verse 2

Original words

Tellדַּבֵּ֛רH1696Verb - Piel - Imperative - masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Prepositionthe Israelitesבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֖לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .לֵאמֹ֑רH559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructto designateתְּנ֤וּH5414Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerthe citiesעָרֵ֣יH5892Noun - feminine plural constructof refugeהַמִּקְלָ֔טH4733Article | Noun - masculine singularasאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativeI instructedדִּבַּ֥רְתִּיH1696Verb - Piel - Perfect - first person common singular. . .אֲלֵיכֶ֖םH413Preposition | second person masculine pluralyou throughבְּיַד־H3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructMosesמֹשֶֽׁה׃H4872Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 3

Original words

so that anyoneרוֹצֵ֔חַH7523Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularwho killsמַכֵּה־H5221Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular constructanotherנֶ֥פֶשׁH5315Noun - feminine singularunintentionallyבִּשְׁגָגָ֖הH7684Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singularor accidentallyבִּבְלִי־H1097Preposition-b | Adverb. . .דָ֑עַתH1847Noun - feminine singularmay fleeלָנ֥וּסH5127Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthereשָׁ֙מָּה֙H8033Adverb | third person feminine singularThese will beוְהָי֤וּH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralyourלָכֶם֙Preposition | second person masculine pluralrefugeלְמִקְלָ֔טH4733Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singularfrom the avengerמִגֹּאֵ֖לH1350Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular constructof bloodהַדָּֽם׃H1818Article | Noun - masculine singular
Verse 4

Original words

When someone fleesוְנָ֞סH5127Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singulartoאֶל־H413Prepositiononeאַחַ֣ת׀H259Number - feminine singularof theseהָאֵ֗לֶּהH428Article | Pronoun - common pluralcitiesמֵהֶעָרִ֣יםH5892Preposition-m, Article | Noun - feminine pluralstandsוְעָמַד֙H5975Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularat the entranceפֶּ֚תַחH6607Noun - masculine singular constructof the cityהָעִ֔ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singulargateשַׁ֣עַרH8179Noun - masculine singular constructand statesוְדִבֶּ֛רH1696Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular. . .בְּאָזְנֵ֛יH241Preposition-b | Noun - feminine dual constructhis caseדְּבָרָ֑יוH1697Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singularbefore [its] eldersזִקְנֵ֥י־H2205Adjective - masculine plural construct. . .הַהִ֖יאH1931Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object marker-הָעִֽירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularthey are to bringוְאָסְפ֨וּH622Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralhimאֹת֤וֹH853Direct object marker | third person masculine singularinto the cityהָעִ֙ירָה֙H5892Article | Noun - feminine singular | third person feminine singular. . .אֲלֵיהֶ֔םH413Preposition | third person masculine pluraland giveוְנָתְנוּ־H5414Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralhimל֥וֹPreposition | third person masculine singulara placeמָק֖וֹםH4725Noun - masculine singularto liveוְיָשַׁ֥בH3427Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularamong themעִמָּֽם׃H5973Preposition | third person masculine plural
Verse 5

Original words

Now ifוְכִ֨יH3588Conjunctionthe avengerגֹּאֵ֤לH1350Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular constructof bloodהַדָּם֙H1818Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .אַֽחֲרָ֔יוH310Preposition | third person masculine singularpursues himיִרְדֹּ֜ףH7291Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularthey must notוְלֹֽא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlesurrenderיַסְגִּ֥רוּH5462Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralthe manslayerהָרֹצֵ֖חַH7523Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerinto his handבְּיָד֑וֹH3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singularbecauseכִּ֤יH3588Conjunction[that man] killedהִכָּ֣הH5221Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhis neighborרֵעֵ֔הוּH7453Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singularaccidentallyבִבְלִי־H1097Preposition-b | Adverb. . .דַ֙עַת֙H1847Noun - feminine singularwithoutוְלֹֽא־H3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particlevvvמִתְּמ֥וֹלH8543Preposition-m | Adverbpriorשִׁלְשֽׁוֹם׃H8032Adverbmaliceשֹׂנֵ֥אH8130Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular. . .ה֛וּאH1931Pronoun - third person masculine singular
Verse 6

Original words

He is to stayוְיָשַׁ֣ב׀H3427Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularin thatהַהִ֗יאH1931Article | Pronoun - third person feminine singularcityבָּעִ֣ירH5892Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singularuntilעַד־H5704Prepositionhe standsעָמְד֞וֹH5975Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singulartrialלַמִּשְׁפָּ֔טH4941Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singularbeforeלִפְנֵ֤יH6440Preposition-l | Noun - common plural constructthe assemblyהָֽעֵדָה֙H5712Article | Noun - feminine singularand untilעַד־H5704Prepositionthe deathמוֹת֙H4194Noun - masculine singular constructof the highהַגָּד֔וֹלH1419Article | Adjective - masculine singularpriestהַכֹּהֵ֣ןH3548Article | Noun - masculine singular-אֲשֶׁ֥רH834Pronoun - relativeservingיִהְיֶ֖הH1961Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularat thatהָהֵ֑םH1992Article | Pronoun - third person masculine pluraltimeבַּיָּמִ֣יםH3117Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine pluralThenאָ֣ז׀H227Adverbthe manslayerהָרוֹצֵ֗חַH7523Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular. . .וּבָ֤אH935Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singularmay returnיָשׁ֣וּבH7725Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularto his own homeבֵּית֔וֹH1004Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular. . .אֶל־H413Preposition. . .הָעִ֖ירH5892Article | Noun - feminine singularinאֶל־H413Prepositionthe cityעִירוֹ֙H5892Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular. . .וְאֶל־H413Conjunctive waw | Prepositionfrom whichאֲשֶׁר־H834Pronoun - relativehe fledנָ֥סH5127Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular. . .מִשָּֽׁם׃H8033Preposition-m | Adverb
Verse 7

Original words

So they set apartוַיַּקְדִּ֜שׁוּH6942Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerKedeshקֶ֤דֶשׁH6943Noun - proper - feminine singularin Galileeבַּגָּלִיל֙H1551Preposition-b, Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularin the hill countryבְּהַ֣רH2022Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof Naphtaliנַפְתָּלִ֔יH5321Noun - proper - masculine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerShechemשְׁכֶ֖םH7927Noun - proper - feminine singularin the hill countryבְּהַ֣רH2022Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof Ephraimאֶפְרָ֑יִםH669Noun - proper - masculine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markervvvקִרְיַ֥תH7153and Kiriath-arbaאַרְבַּ֛עH7153Noun - proper - feminine singular(that isהִ֥יאH1931Pronoun - third person feminine singularHebronחֶבְר֖וֹןH2275Noun - proper - feminine singularin the hill countryבְּהַ֥רH2022Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular constructof Judahיְהוּדָֽה׃H3063Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 8

Original words

And beyondוּמֵעֵ֜בֶרH5676Conjunctive waw, Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular constructthe Jordanלְיַרְדֵּ֤ןH3383Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singulareastמִזְרָ֔חָהH4217Noun - masculine singular | third person feminine singularof Jerichoיְרִיחוֹ֙H3405Noun - proper - feminine singularthey designatedנָתְנ֞וּH5414Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerBezerבֶּ֧צֶרH1221Noun - proper - feminine singularon the wildernessבַּמִּדְבָּ֛רH4057Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularplateauבַּמִּישֹׁ֖רH4334Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singularfrom the tribeמִמַּטֵּ֣הH4294Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular constructof Reubenרְאוּבֵ֑ןH7205Noun - proper - masculine singular-וְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerRamothרָאמֹ֤תH7216Noun - proper - feminine singularin Gileadבַּגִּלְעָד֙H1568Preposition-b, Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularfrom the tribeמִמַּטֵּה־H4294Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular constructof Gadגָ֔דH1410Noun - proper - masculine singularandוְאֶת־H853Conjunctive waw | Direct object markerGolanגָּלוֹןH1474Noun - proper - feminine singularin Bashanבַּבָּשָׁ֖ןH1316Preposition-b, Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularfrom the tribeמִמַּטֵּ֥הH4294Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular constructof Manassehמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃H4519Noun - proper - masculine singular
Verse 9

Original words

Theseאֵ֣לֶּהH428Pronoun - common pluralareהָיוּ֩H1961Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common pluralthe citiesעָרֵ֨יH5892Noun - feminine plural constructappointedהַמּֽוּעָדָ֜הH4152Article | Noun - feminine singularfor allלְכֹ֣ל׀H3605Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular constructthe Israelitesבְּנֵ֣יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵ֗לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularand foreignersוְלַגֵּר֙H1616Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l, Article | Noun - masculine singular. . .הַגָּ֣רH1481Article | Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singularamong themבְּתוֹכָ֔םH8432Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine pluralso that anyoneכָּל־H3605Noun - masculine singular constructwho killsמַכֵּה־H5221Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular constructa personנֶ֖פֶשׁH5315Noun - feminine singularunintentionallyבִּשְׁגָגָ֑הH7684Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singularmay fleeלָנ֣וּסH5127Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthereשָׁ֔מָּהH8033Adverb | third person feminine singularand notוְלֹ֣אH3808Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particledieיָמ֗וּתH4191Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singularby the handבְּיַד֙H3027Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular constructof the avengerגֹּאֵ֣לH1350Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular constructof bloodהַדָּ֔םH1818Article | Noun - masculine singularpriorעַד־H5704Prepositionto standing [trial]עָמְד֖וֹH5975Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct | third person masculine singularbeforeלִפְנֵ֥יH6440Preposition-l | Noun - common plural constructthe assemblyהָעֵדָֽה׃פH5712Article | Noun - feminine singular

Berean Standard Bible (BSB): CC0 Public Domain Scripture text. Focused passages are drawn from the same reader contract as the full chapter. Reference sources explains external study-link sources.