Leviticus 20

Holiness, Judgment, and the LORD Who Sanctifies His People

The chapter begins with penalties for Molek worship and warnings against tolerating child sacrifice, then forbids turning to mediums and spiritists. It calls Israel to consecrate themselves because the LORD sanctifies them. It then gives penalties for cursing parents and for multiple sexual sins, including adultery, incest, same-sex intercourse, and bestiality. The chapter closes by commanding Israel to distinguish clean and unclean, reject the nations' practices, and live as the LORD's separated possession.

World English Bible, Public Domain

Child sacrifice to Molek is covenant treachery that defiles the sanctuary and profanes the LORD's name; ignoring it makes the community complicit.

Leviticus 20:1-5

God demands the removal of idolatry that destroys life and profanes His name.

1 Yahweh spoke to Moses, saying,

2 “Moreover, you shall tell the children of Israel, ‘Anyone of the children of Israel, or of the strangers who live as foreigners in Israel, who gives any of his offspring to Molech shall surely be put to death. The people of the land shall stone that person with stones.

3 I also will set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people, because he has given of his offspring to Molech, to defile my sanctuary, and to profane my holy name.

4 If the people of the land all hide their eyes from that person when he gives of his offspring to Molech, and don’t put him to death,

5 then I will set my face against that man and against his family, and will cut him off, and all who play the prostitute after him to play the prostitute with Molech, from among their people.

Turning to mediums and spiritists is a rival form of guidance and worship that brings cutting off.

Leviticus 20:6-8

God calls His people to reject occult practices and live in consecrated obedience under His sanctifying authority.

6 “ ‘The person that turns to those who are mediums and wizards, to play the prostitute after them, I will even set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people.

Israel must consecrate themselves and keep the LORD's decrees because He is the one who makes them holy.

7 “ ‘Sanctify yourselves therefore, and be holy; for I am Yahweh your God.

8 You shall keep my statutes, and do them. I am Yahweh who sanctifies you.

The chapter attaches penalties to cursing parents and to sexual sins that violate marriage, kinship, creation order, purity, and covenant boundaries.

Leviticus 20:9

Dishonoring parental authority is a serious offense against God’s covenant order.

9 “ ‘For everyone who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death. He has cursed his father or his mother. His blood shall be upon himself.

Leviticus 20:10-16

God’s people must reject sexual immorality because it defiles His covenant order and invites judgment.

10 “ ‘The man who commits adultery with another man’s wife, even he who commits adultery with his neighbor’s wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.

11 “ ‘The man who lies with his father’s wife has uncovered his father’s nakedness. Both of them shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon themselves.

12 “ ‘If a man lies with his daughter-in-law, both of them shall surely be put to death. They have committed a perversion. Their blood shall be upon themselves.

13 “ ‘If a man lies with a male, as with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination. They shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon themselves.

14 “ ‘If a man takes a wife and her mother, it is wickedness. They shall be burned with fire, both he and they, that there may be no wickedness among you.

15 “ ‘If a man lies with an animal, he shall surely be put to death; and you shall kill the animal.

16 “ ‘If a woman approaches any animal and lies with it, you shall kill the woman and the animal. They shall surely be put to death. Their blood shall be upon them.

Leviticus 20:17-21

God guards the integrity of family relationships by judging violations of His ordained boundaries.

17 “ ‘If a man takes his sister—his father’s daughter, or his mother’s daughter—and sees her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness, it is a shameful thing. They shall be cut off in the sight of the children of their people. He has uncovered his sister’s nakedness. He shall bear his iniquity.

18 “ ‘If a man lies with a woman having her monthly period, and uncovers her nakedness, he has made her fountain naked, and she has uncovered the fountain of her blood. Both of them shall be cut off from among their people.

19 “ ‘You shall not uncover the nakedness of your mother’s sister, nor of your father’s sister, for he has made his close relative naked. They shall bear their iniquity.

20 If a man lies with his uncle’s wife, he has uncovered his uncle’s nakedness. They shall bear their sin. They shall die childless.

21 “ ‘If a man takes his brother’s wife, it is an impurity. He has uncovered his brother’s nakedness. They shall be childless.

Israel must not imitate the nations' customs or the land will vomit them out as it did the peoples before them.

Leviticus 20:22-26

God’s people must live set apart in holiness to remain in His blessing and presence.

22 “ ‘You shall therefore keep all my statutes and all my ordinances, and do them, that the land where I am bringing you to dwell may not vomit you out.

23 You shall not walk in the customs of the nation which I am casting out before you; for they did all these things, and therefore I abhorred them.

24 But I have said to you, “You shall inherit their land, and I will give it to you to possess it, a land flowing with milk and honey.” I am Yahweh your God, who has separated you from the peoples.

Israel's holiness includes discernment between clean and unclean creatures.

25 “ ‘You shall therefore make a distinction between the clean animal and the unclean, and between the unclean fowl and the clean. You shall not make yourselves abominable by animal, or by bird, or by anything with which the ground teems, which I have separated from you as unclean for you.

Israel must be holy because the holy LORD has set them apart from the nations to be His own.

26 You shall be holy to me, for I, Yahweh, am holy, and have set you apart from the peoples, that you should be mine.

Occult practitioners are condemned because they draw the community away from the LORD.

Leviticus 20:27

God demands the complete removal of occult practices to preserve the holiness of His people.

27 “ ‘A man or a woman that is a medium or is a wizard shall surely be put to death. They shall be stoned with stones. Their blood shall be upon themselves.’ ”

Key Terms

מֹלֶךְ Molekh H4432
זֶרַע zera H2233
נָתַן natan H5414
עַם am H5971
סָקַל saqal H5619
אֶבֶן even H68
פָּנִים panim H6440
כָּרַת karath H3772
טָמֵא tame H2930
מִקְדָּשׁ miqdash H4720
חָלַל chalal H2490
שֵׁם shem H8034

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