Focused Passage

Joshua 10:1-5

The LORD Fights for Israel: Gibeon Rescued and the Southern Kings Defeated

When five Amorite kings attack Gibeon, Joshua marches to defend the oath-bound city, the LORD fights for Israel with panic, hailstones, and extended daylight, and the southern coalition collapses under divine judgment.

Berean Standard Bible, Public Domain - Translation notes - Reference sources

1Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction—doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king—and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them.

2So Adoni-zedek and his people were greatly alarmed, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities; it was larger than Ai, and all its men were mighty.

3Therefore Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem sent word to Hoham king of Hebron, Piram king of Jarmuth, Japhia king of Lachish, and Debir king of Eglon, saying,

4“Come up and help me. We will attack Gibeon, because they have made peace with Joshua and the Israelites.”

5So the five kings of the Amorites—the kings of Jerusalem, Hebron, Jarmuth, Lachish, and Eglon—joined forces and advanced with all their armies. They camped before Gibeon and made war against it.

Study Helps

References and Original Words

Verse 1

Cross-references

Joshua 10:4Classic cross-references

Original words

Nowוַיְהִי֩H1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularvvvאֲדֹֽנִי־H139Adoni-zedekצֶ֜דֶקH139Noun - proper - masculine singularkingמֶ֣לֶךְH4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִַ֗םH3389Noun - proper - feminine singularheardכִשְׁמֹ֨עַH8085Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive constructthatכִּֽי־H3588ConjunctionJoshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַH3091Noun - proper - masculine singular-אֶת־H853Direct object markerhad capturedלָכַ֨דH3920Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularAiהָעַי֮H5857Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularand devoted it to destructionוַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒H2763Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singulardoing toעָשָׂ֤הH6213Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularAiלָעַ֖יH5857Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singularand its kingוּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּH4428Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular. . .כֵּן־H3651Adverbasכַּאֲשֶׁ֨רH834Preposition-k | Pronoun - relativehe had done toעָשָׂ֥הH6213Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularJerichoלִֽירִיחוֹ֙H3405Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singularand its kingוּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּH4428Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singularand thatוְכִ֨יH3588Conjunctionthe peopleיֹשְׁבֵ֤יH3427Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural constructof Gibeonגִבְעוֹן֙H1391Noun - proper - feminine singularhad made peaceהִשְׁלִ֜ימוּH7999Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common pluralwithאֶת־H854PrepositionIsraelיִשְׂרָאֵ֔לH3478Noun - proper - masculine singularand were [living]וַיִּֽהְי֖וּH1961Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralnear themבְּקִרְבָּֽם׃H7130Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural

BSB notes

Forms of the Hebrew cherem refer to the giving over of things or persons to the LORD, either by destroying them or by giving them as an offering; also in verses 28, 35, 37, 39, and 40.

Verse 2

Cross-references

Deuteronomy 11:25Classic cross-references Joshua 9:3Classic cross-references 2 Samuel 2:12Classic cross-references Exodus 15:14Classic cross-references Joshua 2:24Classic cross-references

Original words

So [Adoni-zedek and his people] were greatlyמְאֹ֔דH3966Adverbalarmedוַיִּֽירְא֣וּH3372Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralbecauseכִּ֣יH3588ConjunctionGibeonגִּבְע֔וֹןH1391Noun - proper - feminine singular[was] a greatגְּדוֹלָה֙H1419Adjective - feminine singularcityעִ֤ירH5892Noun - feminine singularlike oneכְּאַחַ֖תH259Preposition-k | Number - feminine singular constructof the royalהַמַּמְלָכָ֑הH4467Article | Noun - feminine singular. . .וְכִ֨יH3588Conjunctioncitiesעָרֵ֣יH5892Noun - feminine plural constructitהִ֤יאH1931Pronoun - third person feminine singularwas largerגְדוֹלָה֙H1419Adjective - feminine singularthanמִן־H4480PrepositionAiהָעַ֔יH5857Article | Noun - proper - feminine singularand allוְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructits menאֲנָשֶׁ֖יהָH582Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singularwere mightyגִּבֹּרִֽים׃H1368Adjective - masculine plural

Verse 3

Cross-references

Joshua 15:39Classic cross-references Jeremiah 34:7Classic cross-references Joshua 15:35Classic cross-references 1 Chronicles 6:58Classic cross-references 2 Chronicles 11:9Classic cross-references

Original words

vvvאֲדֹנִי־H139Therefore Adoni-zedekצֶ֜דֶקH139Noun - proper - masculine singularkingמֶ֣לֶךְH4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִַ֗םH3389Noun - proper - feminine singularsentוַיִּשְׁלַ֨חH7971Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularword toאֶל־H413PrepositionHohamהוֹהָ֣םH1944Noun - proper - masculine singularkingמֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Hebronחֶ֠בְרוֹןH2275Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .וְאֶל־H413Conjunctive waw | PrepositionPiramפִּרְאָ֨םH6502Noun - proper - masculine singularkingמֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Jarmuthיַרְמ֜וּתH3412Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .וְאֶל־H413Conjunctive waw | PrepositionJaphiaיָפִ֧יעַH3309Noun - proper - masculine singularkingמֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Lachishלָכִ֛ישׁH3923Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .וְאֶל־H413Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand Debirדְּבִ֥ירH1688Noun - proper - feminine singularkingמֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Eglonעֶגְל֖וֹןH5700Noun - proper - feminine singularsayingלֵאמֹֽר׃H559Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct

Verse 4

Cross-references

Joshua 9:15Classic cross-references Psalms 119:94Classic cross-references 2 Samuel 2:12Classic cross-references Joshua 10:1Classic cross-references

Original words

Come upעֲלֽוּ־H5927Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural. . .אֵלַ֣יH413Preposition | first person common singularand help meוְעִזְרֻ֔נִיH5826Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - masculine plural | first person common singularWe will attackוְנַכֶּ֖הH5221Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive imperfect Cohortative if contextual - first person common plural-אֶת־H853Direct object markerGibeonגִּבְע֑וֹןH1391Noun - proper - feminine singularbecauseכִּֽי־H3588Conjunctionthey have made peaceהִשְׁלִ֥ימָהH7999Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person feminine singularwithאֶת־H854PrepositionJoshuaיְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַH3091Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .וְאֶת־H854Conjunctive waw | Prepositionand the Israelitesבְּנֵ֥יH1121Noun - masculine plural construct. . .יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃H3478Noun - proper - masculine singular

Verse 5

Cross-references

Deuteronomy 20:1Classic cross-references

Original words

So the fiveחֲמֵ֣שֶׁת׀H2568Number - masculine singular constructkingsמַלְכֵ֣יH4428Noun - masculine plural constructof the Amoritesהָאֱמֹרִ֗יH567Article | Noun - proper - masculine singularthe kingsמֶ֣לֶךְH4428Noun - masculine singular constructof Jerusalemיְרוּשָׁלִַ֜םH3389Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .מֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructHebronחֶבְר֤וֹןH2275Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .מֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructJarmuthיַרְמוּת֙H3412Noun - proper - masculine singular. . .מֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructLachishלָכִ֣ישׁH3923Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .מֶֽלֶךְ־H4428Noun - masculine singular constructand Eglonעֶגְל֔וֹןH5700Noun - proper - feminine singular. . .הֵ֖םH1992Pronoun - third person masculine pluraljoined forcesוַיֵּאָסְפ֨וּH622Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluraland advancedוַֽיַּעֲל֜וּH5927Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralwith allוְכָל־H3605Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular constructtheir armiesמַֽחֲנֵיהֶ֑םH4264Noun - common plural construct | third person masculine pluralThey campedוַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙H2583Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralbeforeעַל־H5921PrepositionGibeonגִּבְע֔וֹןH1391Noun - proper - feminine singularand made warוַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֖וּH3898Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine pluralagainst itעָלֶֽיהָ׃H5921Preposition | third person feminine singular

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