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Greek · G2840 · unreviewed

κοινόω

To make (or consider) profane (ceremonially)

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κοινόω G2840
Pronunciation koinóō

What does κοινόω (koinóō) mean in the Bible?

κοινόω (koinóō) is a Greek word meaning "to make (or consider) profane (ceremonially)". κοινόω, -ῶ [in LXX: 4Ma. Reflects the core accusation of temple violation. This term runs through the canonical themes of Presence.

Full entry for κοινόω (G2840) · Browse the biblical lexicon

Meaning

to make (or consider) profane (ceremonially)
Extended definition

To deem ceremonially unclean or profane; Jesus redefines defilement as internal moral corruption, not external ritual violation.

1in cl., to make common.
2In LXX, l.with, and NT (as κοινός, 2), to make ceremonially unclean, to profane (= cl., βεληλόω): Mat.15:11, 18 15:20, Mrk.7:15, 18 7:20, 23, Act.21:28; pass., Heb.9:13.
3to count unclean (cf. δικαιόω): Act.10:15 11:9.
Synonymsβεβηλόω. Thayer (see word κ.) mentions that Winer Notes the accuracy whereby the Jews are said to use κ. in addressing Jews, Act.21:28, and β. when speaking to Felix, 24:6 (Cremer, 362)
Source: STEPBible TBESG + Abbott-Smith
Why This Word Matters
Reflects the core accusation of temple violation. Acts 21:27-36
Grammatical Forms

How mood, tense, and voice shift the force of this verb in context.

Tenses
Present Aorist Perfect
Voices
Active Passive
Indicative states a fact or reality 7×
Present Active Matt 15:11 · Matt 15:18 · Matt 15:20 · Mark 7:20 · Mark 7:23 6×
Perfect Active Acts 21:28 1×
Participle verbal adjective — the action as a modifying quality 3×
Present Active Matt 15:20 · Mark 7:15 2×
Perfect Passive Heb 9:13 1×
Infinitive verbal noun — the action in abstract 2×
Aorist Active Mark 7:15 · Mark 7:18 2×
Imperative command or strong request 2×
Present Active Acts 10:15 · Acts 11:9 2×
14 total occurrences across all forms in the biblical text Morphology: MorphGNT SBLGNT — CC BY-SA 3.0
Discourse Aspect

How this verb appears across 14 occurrences in the NT discourse index (MACULA Greek SBLGNT).

Aspect
ongoing 6 resultant 1 imperative 2 infinitive 2 participle 3
Tense
present 10 perfect 2 aorist 2
Voice
active 13 passive 1
Mood
indicative 7 participle 3 imperative 2 infinitive 2
NT Occurrences
Matthew 15:11 κοινοῖ present active indicative ongoing Matthew 15:11 κοινοῖ present active indicative ongoing Matthew 15:18 κοινοῖ present active indicative ongoing Matthew 15:20 κοινοῦντα present active participle participle Matthew 15:20 κοινοῖ present active indicative ongoing Mark 7:15 κοινῶσαι aorist active infinitive infinitive Mark 7:15 κοινοῦντα present active participle participle Mark 7:18 κοινῶσαι aorist active infinitive infinitive Mark 7:20 κοινοῖ present active indicative ongoing Mark 7:23 κοινοῖ present active indicative ongoing Acts 10:15 κοίνου present active imperative imperative Acts 11:9 κοίνου present active imperative imperative Acts 21:28 κεκοίνωκεν perfect active indicative resultant Hebrews 9:13 κεκοινωμένους perfect passive participle participle

Aspect reflects grammatical form — not authorial emphasis. Participles and infinitives are verbal adjectives and nouns respectively.

Clause data: MACULA Greek (Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0) · SBLGNT (Logos/SBL, CC BY 4.0)

Canonical Themes
Presence
Biblical Occurrences

Each occurrence shows the passage reference, the original language term as it appears in that context, its transliteration, and the contextual sense.

New Testament Witnesses
Acts 21:27-36 Defiled koinóō Indicative · Perfect Active
To make common or profane.
Word Pictures (Robertson)

A.T. Robertson's Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) discusses this term in the following chapters. Open any chapter and go to the Word Pictures tab to read his verse-by-verse commentary.

Acts 21 — Paul Goes to Jerusalem and Is Seized in the Temple Mark 7 — True Defilement and Boundary-Crossing Mercy Matthew 15 — Tradition, the Heart, Gentile Faith, and the Compassionate Bread of the Messiah

A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (1930–31) — public domain

Sources

MorphGNT Strong's Dictionary XML — CC0 1.0 Public Domain

Open Scriptures Hebrew Bible (morphhb/OSHB) — CC BY 4.0

Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon — CC BY 4.0

STEPBible Data — CC BY 4.0

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