What does קָשָׁה · σκληροτράχηλος mean in the Bible?
קָשָׁה · σκληροτράχηλος is a Hebrew phrase meaning "to harden or make stubborn".
Hebrew · H7185, G4644
קָשָׁה
Properly, to be dense , i.e. tough or severe (in various applications) · stiff-necked
Reading a lexicon entry
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Words in this compound — expand to study each participant
קָשָׁהH7185properly, to be dense , i.e. tough or severe (in various applications)
Pronunciationqāšāh
Describes hardness as density or rigidity—physical, moral, or relational—from obstinate resistance to severe cruelty.
Open lexicon entry →σκληροτράχηλοςG4644stiff-necked
Pronunciationsklērotráchēlos
Obstinate resistance to God's will, literally refusing to bow the neck in submission or obedience
Open lexicon entry →What does קָשָׁה (qashah) mean in the Bible?
קָשָׁה · σκληροτράχηλος is a Hebrew phrase meaning "to harden or make stubborn".
Full entry for קָשָׁה (H7185, G4644) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How many biblical occurrences are listed for H7185, G4644?
H7185, G4644 is connected to 28 lexical occurrence verses in the lexicon data.
Evidence Summary
Hebrew phrase. to harden or make stubborn
Source Gloss
to harden or make stubborn
Grammatical Forms
How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups3Aligned forms18
Hiphilcausative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action13×
Perfect1Kgs 12:4 · 2Chr 10:4 · Deut 2:30 · Exod 13:15 · Job 9:4 · Jer 19:15 · Neh 9:29 · 2Kgs 2:108×
Jussive2Chr 30:8 · Ps 95:82×
ImperfectDeut 10:16 · Exod 7:32×
Participle activeProv 29:11×
Qalbasic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense4×
Perfect1Sam 5:7 · Gen 49:72×
ImperfectDeut 1:17 · Deut 15:182×
Niphalpassive or reflexive — the subject receives or experiences the action1×
Participle activeIsa 8:211×
Word Origins
קָשָׁה is a primitive root - no further derivation.