What does חָשַׁךְ mean in the Bible?
חָשַׁךְ is a Hebrew word meaning "to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken".
Hebrew · H2821
חָשַׁךְ
To be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
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חָשַׁךְH2821
What does חָשַׁךְ mean in the Bible?
חָשַׁךְ is a Hebrew word meaning "to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken".
Full entry for חָשַׁךְ (H2821) · Open the biblical lexicon
Questions this entry answers
How does the BSB render H2821?
The BSB source-word alignment has 17 aligned rows for this entry. Common renderings include and darkens (1), and darkness (1), and I will darken (1), and it became dark (1), be darkened (1).
Where does חָשַׁךְ appear in Scripture?
The source-word alignment first shows this entry at Exodus 10:15. Its strongest book concentrations include Job (3), Psalms (3), Amos (2), Ecclesiastes (2).
Source Word Evidence
BSB source-word alignment connects this entry to exact verse rows, English rendering, source form, transliteration, and parsing.
How English Renders Itand darkens1×Amos 5:8
and darkness1×Micah 3:6
and I will darken1×Amos 8:9
and it became dark1×Psalms 105:28
be darkened1×Psalms 69:23
dark1×Psalms 139:12
grow dark1×Job 3:9
grow dim1×Lamentations 5:17
grows dark1×Job 18:6
He brings darkness1×Jeremiah 13:16
is blacker1×Lamentations 4:8
is darkened1×Ecclesiastes 12:2
see dimly1×Ecclesiastes 12:3
was black1×Exodus 10:15
who obscures1×Job 38:2
will be darkened1×Isaiah 13:10
will be obscured1×Isaiah 5:30
Show sample aligned rows
Exodus 10:15וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְtowas blackConjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singularJob 3:9יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮togrow darkVerb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine pluralJob 18:6חָשַׁ֣ךְtogrows darkVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singularJob 38:2מַחְשִׁ֖יךְtowho obscuresVerb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singularPsalms 69:23תֶּחְשַׁ֣כְנָהtobe darkenedVerb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine pluralPsalms 105:28וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְtoand it became darkConjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singularPsalms 139:12יַחְשִׁ֪יךְtodarkVerb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singularEcclesiastes 12:2תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְtois darkenedVerb - Qal - Imperfect - third person feminine singularEcclesiastes 12:3וְחָשְׁכ֥וּtosee dimlyConjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common pluralIsaiah 5:30חָשַׁ֖ךְtowill be obscuredVerb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Usage map
A compact distribution from source-word alignment before the full evidence tables.
First aligned rowExodus 10:15
Aligned rows17
Books represented9
Exodus1Job3Psalms3Ecclesiastes2Isaiah2Jeremiah1Lamentations2Amos2Micah1
Source forms
חָשַׁ֤ךְ2xḥā·šaḵIsaiah 13:10, Lamentations 4:8
הֶחְשִׁ֑יךְ1xheḥ·šîḵAmos 5:8
וְהַחֲשַׁכְתִּ֥י1xwə·ha·ḥă·šaḵ·tîAmos 8:9
וְחָשְׁכָ֥ה1xwə·ḥā·šə·ḵāhMicah 3:6
וְחָשְׁכ֥וּ1xwə·ḥā·šə·ḵūEcclesiastes 12:3
וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ1xway·yaḥ·šiḵPsalms 105:28
וַתֶּחְשַׁ֣ךְ1xwat·teḥ·šaḵExodus 10:15
חָשַׁ֣ךְ1xḥā·šaḵJob 18:6
Parsing patterns
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular4xJob 18:6, Isaiah 5:30, Isaiah 13:10, Lamentations 4:8
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular2xPsalms 139:12, Jeremiah 13:16
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular1xAmos 8:9
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular1xPsalms 105:28
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural1xEcclesiastes 12:3
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person feminine singular1xMicah 3:6
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular1xExodus 10:15
Verb - Hifil - Participle - masculine singular1xJob 38:2
Evidence Summary
Hebrew word. to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
Source Gloss
to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken
Extended definitionSource: Open Scriptures Hebrew Lexicon + Brown-Driver-Briggs
to be dark (as withholding light); transitively, to darken Usage: be black, be (make) dark, darken, cause darkness, be dim, hide.
Grammatical Forms
How the stem changes the meaning of this verb across the biblical text.
This verb appears through different tense, voice, mood, or stem patterns. Those forms help readers see how the action is presented in context.
Form groups2Aligned forms13
Qalbasic active stem — the word in its most common, direct sense9×
PerfectEzek 30:18 · Isa 5:30 · Isa 13:10 · Job 18:6 · Lam 4:8 · Lam 5:176×
ImperfectEccl 12:2 · Job 3:9 · Ps 69:243×
Hiphilcausative active — the subject causes someone else to perform the action4×
ImperfectJer 13:16 · Ps 139:122×
PerfectAmos 5:81×
Participle activeJob 38:21×
Word Origins
חָשַׁךְ is a primitive root - no further derivation.