Deuteronomy 3

Og Defeated, the Land Divided, and Moses Refused Entry

From the second Transjordanian victory (vv. 1-7) through territorial distribution and tribal obligation (vv. 8-20) to Joshua's commissioning (vv. 21-22) and Moses's denied petition and mountaintop consolation (vv. 23-29) — the chapter moves from conquest and settlement through the succession crisis that will define the rest of Deuteronomy.

World English Bible, Public Domain

The LORD commands confidence; Israel takes all sixty Argob cities; herem is enacted as with Sihon.

Deuteronomy 3:1-11

The LORD teaches Israel not to fear by giving Og and Bashan into their hand, showing that the obstacles that appear too strong are not stronger than His covenant promise.

1 Then we turned, and went up the way to Bashan. Og the king of Bashan came out against us, he and all his people, to battle at Edrei.

2 Yahweh said to me, “Don’t fear him; for I have delivered him, with all his people, and his land, into your hand. You shall do to him as you did to Sihon king of the Amorites, who lived at Heshbon.”

3 So Yahweh our God delivered into our hand Og also, the king of Bashan, and all his people. We struck him until no one was left to him remaining.

4 We took all his cities at that time. There was not a city which we didn’t take from them: sixty cities, all the region of Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.

5 All these were cities fortified with high walls, gates, and bars, in addition to a great many villages without walls.

6 We utterly destroyed them, as we did to Sihon king of Heshbon, utterly destroying every inhabited city, with the women and the little ones.

7 But all the livestock, and the plunder of the cities, we took for plunder for ourselves.

The territory from Arnon to Hermon is summarized; Og's oversized iron bed preserved in Rabbah attests his Rephaim lineage.

8 We took the land at that time out of the hand of the two kings of the Amorites who were beyond the Jordan, from the valley of the Arnon to Mount Hermon.

9 (The Sidonians call Hermon Sirion, and the Amorites call it Senir.)

10 We took all the cities of the plain, and all Gilead, and all Bashan, to Salecah and Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og in Bashan.

11 (For only Og king of Bashan remained of the remnant of the Rephaim. Behold, his bedstead was a bedstead of iron. Isn’t it in Rabbah of the children of Ammon? Nine cubits was its length, and four cubits its width, after the cubit of a man.)

Deuteronomy 3:12-17

The conquered Transjordan territory becomes covenant inheritance when Moses assigns it to specific tribes with named boundaries under the LORD's gift.

12 This land we took in possession at that time: from Aroer, which is by the valley of the Arnon, and half the hill country of Gilead with its cities, I gave to the Reubenites and to the Gadites;

13 and the rest of Gilead, and all Bashan, the kingdom of Og, I gave to the half-tribe of Manasseh—all the region of Argob, even all Bashan. (The same is called the land of Rephaim.

14 Jair the son of Manasseh took all the region of Argob, to the border of the Geshurites and the Maacathites, and called them, even Bashan, after his own name, Havvoth Jair, to this day.)

15 I gave Gilead to Machir.

16 To the Reubenites and to the Gadites I gave from Gilead even to the valley of the Arnon, the middle of the valley, and its border, even to the river Jabbok, which is the border of the children of Ammon;

17 the Arabah also, and the Jordan and its border, from Chinnereth even to the sea of the Arabah, the Salt Sea, under the slopes of Pisgah eastward.

Fighting men of Reuben, Gad, and half-Manasseh must cross the Jordan armed ahead of their brothers until the land is secured.

Deuteronomy 3:18-22

The LORD's past victories and present gifts summon Israel to shared covenant responsibility and strengthen Joshua for fearless leadership into the land.

18 I commanded you at that time, saying, “Yahweh your God has given you this land to possess it. All of you men of valor shall pass over armed before your brothers, the children of Israel.

19 But your wives, and your little ones, and your livestock, (I know that you have much livestock), shall live in your cities which I have given you,

20 until Yahweh gives rest to your brothers, as to you, and they also possess the land which Yahweh your God gives them beyond the Jordan. Then you shall each return to his own possession, which I have given you.”

Moses points Joshua to the Transjordanian victories as the basis of confidence: the LORD who did this will do the same across the Jordan.

21 I commanded Joshua at that time, saying, “Your eyes have seen all that Yahweh your God has done to these two kings. So shall Yahweh do to all the kingdoms where you go over.

22 You shall not fear them; for Yahweh your God himself fights for you.”

Moses appeals to divine greatness and asks to cross the Jordan and see the good land.

Deuteronomy 3:23-29

Moses may see the land but not enter it, because the LORD's holiness stands firm even as His promise moves forward through Joshua.

23 I begged Yahweh at that time, saying,

24 “Lord Yahweh, you have begun to show your servant your greatness, and your strong hand. For what god is there in heaven or in earth that can do works like yours, and mighty acts like yours?

25 Please let me go over and see the good land that is beyond the Jordan, that fine mountain, and Lebanon.”

'Enough from you.' Moses may look from Pisgah in every direction but will not cross.

26 But Yahweh was angry with me because of you, and didn’t listen to me. Yahweh said to me, “That is enough! Speak no more to me of this matter.

27 Go up to the top of Pisgah, and lift up your eyes westward, and northward, and southward, and eastward, and see with your eyes; for you shall not go over this Jordan.

Moses is commanded to strengthen Joshua for the task Moses cannot complete; the people camp opposite Beth-peor.

28 But commission Joshua, and encourage him, and strengthen him; for he shall go over before this people, and he shall cause them to inherit the land which you shall see.”

29 So we stayed in the valley near Beth Peor.

Key Terms

לֹא תִירָא lo tira H3372
מְנוּחָה menucha H4496
חֲזַק וֶאֱמַץ chazaq ve-emats H2388
נָחַל nachal H5157
וָאֶתְחַנַּן va-etchanan H2603
רַב-לָךְ rav-lakh H7227

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